MAPS, 



AND 



TABLES 



OF 



CHRONOLOGY AND GENEALOGY; 



SELECTED AND TRANSLATED 



FROM 



MONSIEUR KOCH'S 



"TABLEAU DES REVOLUTIONS DE L'EUROPE. 



/ 



FOR THE USE OF HARROW SCHOOL. 




LONDON : — BALDWIN AND CRADOCK. 

MDCCCXXXI. 



LONDON : 
Printed uy William Clowes. 
Stamford-street. 



ADVERTISEMENT. 



The present work was undertaken with a view to illustrate a course of Elementary 
Lectures on Modern History lately introduced at Harrow School. The Maps and 
Tables are selected and translated from Monsieur Koch's " Tableau des Revolutions 
de l'Europe," which may fairly be characterised as the ablest manual of modern history 
that has yet appeared. A translation of the historical part of that work was published 
not long - since at Edinburgh ; but that valuable portion of it which is now offered to 
the Public was still inaccessible to the English reader : — and it is hoped that the work 
in its present form may prove a useful companion to the historical works of Gibbon 
and Russel — of Mr. Hallam and Monsieur Sismondi. 

C. T. L. 

Harrow on the Hill, 
December. 1830. 



CONTENTS. 



MAP I. — Europe under the Western Empire. 
ii. „ late in the flfth century. 

iii. „ under the elipire of charlemagne. 

iv. „ after the division of the empire of charlemagne, towards the close of the 

ninth Century. 

V. „ ABOUT the year 1074. 

VI. „ ABOUT THE YEAR 1300. 

VII. „ IN THE YEAR 1453. 

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE of the Revolutions of Europe, from the Overthrow of the Western 

Empire to the Peace of Paris in 1814. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 



OF THE 



REVOLUTIONS OF EUROPE FROM THE OVERTHROW OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE TO 

THE PEACE OF PARIS IN 1814. 



A. D. 

406. — Invasion of Gaul by the Barbarians. 

409. — Vandals, Suevi, and Alani establish themselves in Spain. 

413. — Passage of Burgundians into Gaul. 

415. — Visigoths establish themselves in Spain. 

427. — Vandals and Alani cross into Africa, and found monarchy. 

430. — Franks enter Gaul under Clodion — Merovingian dynasty begins. 

450. — Anglo-Saxons land in Britain. 

451. — Defeat of Attila and the Huns in plains of Chalons. 

472. — Dominion of Romans in Spain put an end to by Visigoths. 

476. — Rome taken by Odoacer, king of Heruli — Romulus Augustulus 
last emperor of the West — Origin of kingdom of Heruli in Italy. 

486. — Clovis defeats Syagrius at Soissons, and puts an end to the dominion 
of Romans in Gaul. 

493. — Theodoric, king of Ostrogoths, conquers Heruli, and puts an end to 
their dominion in Italy. 

534. — The Greeks put an end to the kingdom of the Vandals in Africa. 

553. — Justinian overthrows the monarchy of Ostrogoths, and Greeks be- 
come masters of Italy. 

568. — Foundation of the kingdom of Lombards in Italy. 

622— Era of the Hegira. 

687. — Victory of Testry — Pepin d'Heristal usurps the sovereign power, 
under the title of duke and prince of the Franks. 

711. — Battle of Xeres de la Frontera — The monarchy of the Visigoths 
overthrown by the Arabs. 

730. — The Romans form themselves into a republic, under the authority 
of the Roman pontiffs — Origin of the civil dominion of the Popes. 

732. — Charles Martel defeats the Arabs at Poictiers. 

742. — The Dionysian Era first used by Franks in their public acts. 

749. — The caliphs of the Ommiad dynasty dethroned by the Abassides. 

750. — Alphonso I. founds the kingdom of Leon. 

752. — Pepin the Short elected king of the Franks — Carlovingian dynasty. 
756. — The Roman pontiff put in possession of the exarchate of Ravenna 

by Pepin the Short. 
756. — The caliphate of Cordova founded by a descendant of the Ommiad 

caliphs. 

771. — Charlemagne unites the monarchies of the Franks. 
774. — The Franks masters of Italy and Rome — End of Lombard mo- 
narchy. 

800. — Charlemagne crowned emperor at Rome — Origin of empire of the 
Franks. 

814. — Death of Charlemagne — Louis le Debonnaire, emperor of Franks. 
827. — End of Heptarchy in England — Egbert the Great, king of all 
England. 

843. — Peace of Verdun — Dismemberment of the empire of the Franks — 
Origin of kingdom of France under Charles the Bald, and of 
kingdom of Germany under Lewis the German. 

850. — Russian monarchy founded by Ruric the Norman. 

858. — Origin of kingdom of Navarre under Don Garcia. 

877. — Origin of the Feudal System in France. 

887. — Charles the Fat deposed by Germans, who then make their crown 

elective. 

888. — Final dismemberment of the empire of the Franks. 

912. — Treaty of St. Clair sur Epte — Rollo, chief of the Normans, created 
duke of Normandy, under the name of Robert I. 

924. — Title of emperor of the West in abeyance for a while, on the death 
of Berenger I., king of Italy and emperor. 

961. — Otho the Great re-unites Italy to Germany. 

962. — Title of emperor of the West renewed in the person of Otho the Great 

— Origin of the Empire of Germany. 
987. — Hugh Capet becomes king of France — Origin of the Capetian 
dynasty. 

1014. — Canute the Great, king of Denmark. 

1017. — Canute conquers England. 

1022. — Christianity introduced into Norway by Olaf II. 



A.D. 

1030. — Caliphate of Cordova dismembered — Decline of the Mahomedan 
power in Spain. 

1 035 . — Territory of Saneho the Great divided into the kingdoms of Navarre, 

Castille, and Arragon. 
1038. — Empire of Seljuckian Turks founded by Togrul-Beg. 
1042. — Danes expelled from England. 

1066. — Battle of Hastings — William, duke of Normandy, conquers Eng- 
land. 

1071. — Seljuckian Turks take a part of Asia Minor from the Greeks. 

Guelph, founder of the house of Brunswick, created duke of 

Bavaria. 

1073. — Gregory VII. (Hildebrand) elected pope, and confirmed by the 
emperor — He forbids the marriage of priests and the custom of 
lay investiture — Origin of the papal power — Decline of the empire 
of Germany. 

1075. — Holy Land conquered by the Seljuckian Turks. 

1076. — Henry IV. of Germany deposed by Gregory VII. 

1087. — First war between France and England — Origin of the national 
rivalry. 

1095. — Council of Clermont — Origin of crusades. 

1096. — Crusade of Godfrey of Bouillon. 

1106. — The cities of Italy begin to form themselves into republics — Origin 

of the commonalties. 
1115. — Roman law revived in Italy — Papal power increased by the bequest 

of countess Matilda. 
1122. — Concordat between emperor Henry V. and Calixtus II. — Calixtus 

II. settles the question of investitures. 
1130. — Roger II., first king of the Two Sicilies, of Norman dynasty. 
1139, 24th July. — Alphonso I. proclaimed king of Portugal. 
1152. — Eleanor of Poitou, heiress of Aquitaine, Gascogny, Poitou, &c, 

divorced by Louis VII., marries Henry Plantagenet, count of 

Anjou. 
Decree of Gratian. 

1154. — Henry II., king of England — Accession of house of Plantagenet. 

1156. — Austria created a dukedom by emperor Frederic I. 

1157. — Albert the Bear, margrave of the north, gains possession of the city 

of Brandenburgh — Origin of margraves of Brandeuburgh. 
1164. — Sardinia made a kingdom by emperor Frederic I. 
1167. — League of the cities of Lombardy opposed by Frederic I. 

1171 . — Saladin seizes Egypt, and founds a sultan dynasty there. 

1 172. — Conquest of Ireland by Henry II., king of England. 

1177. — Peace, of Venice — Frederic I. renounces his claim to the prefecture 

of Rome — The Venetians elaim the lordship of the Adriatic. 
1189. — Crusade of Frederic I., Philip Augustus, and Richard I. 
1198. — Bohemia becomes a kingdom. 
1200. — First mention of the mariner's compass. 

1202. — Fourth grand crusade under Boniface, marquis of Montferrat. 
1204. — Constantinople taken by crusaders — Empire of Greeks dismembered 

— Origin of the empire of the Latins at Constantinople, and of 

the Greek empires at Nieaea and Trebisond. 

Philip Augustus, king of France, takes Normandy from the English. 

1206. — Tschinghis-Khan founds the Mogul empire. 
1215 Magna Charta signed. 

1230. — Balearic Isles conquered by the king of Arragon. 
1235.— Decretals of Gregory IX. 

Creation of duchy of Brunswick in favour of the house of Guelph. 

1241. — Origin of the Hanseatic League. 
1248.— Crusade of St. Louis. 

1254. — Dominion of Ayoubite sultans in Egypt put an end to— Origin of 

the empire of Mamelukes. 
1256. — Emancipation of the serfs at Bologna. 

1261. — Michael Paleologus, emperor of Nicsea, seizes Constantinople, and 

puts an end to the empire of the Latins. 
1265. — Accession of the house of Anjou to the throne (of the Two Sicilies. 

a 



2 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE 



A. D. 

1266. — Admission of the Commons to the English parliament. 
1273 — Accession of Rodolph of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire. 
1282.— Sicilian Vespers — Kingdom of Sicily passes to the house of Arragon. 
Conquest of Wales. 

1289. — Contest between the Baliols and Bruces in Scotland. 

1291. — Capture of Ptolemais and Tyre by the Mamelukes — End of the 

crusades. 

1300.— Boniface VIII.— Grandeur of the Popes. 

— Modern Turkish empire founded by Ottoman I. 

1303. — Admission of the Tiers-etatto the States General of France. 

1308. — Origin of the Swiss Confederation. 

1309. — Popes at Avignon — Decline of their power. 
The cities of the empire admitted to the diets. 

1312. — Cannon and gunpowder employed by the Moors in Spain. 
1315. — Emancipation of the royal serfs by Louis X. of France. 

Matthew Visconti, a Milanese noble, makes extensive conquests. 

1328. — Philip VI., king of France — Accession of the house of Valois. 

Residence of the grand dukes of Russia fixed at Moscow. 

1337. — Edward III. of England claims the French crown. 

1340.— Battle of Tariffa — Moors of Spain and Africa defeated by Alphonso 

XL, king of Castille. 
1346.— Battle of Cressy. 

1360. — Capture of Adrianople by Amurath I. — Turks establish themselves 

in Europe. 
1362. — John Wickiiff the reformer. 
1369. — Timour, or Tamerlane, the Mogul conqueror. 
1371. — Accession of the Stuarts to throne of Scotland. 
1378. — Grand schism of the west. 

1380. — Defeat of the Genoese at Chiozza — Decline of Genoa. 
Denmark and Norway united. 

1395. — Milan created a duchy in favour of the Visconti family. 

1396. — The Turks conquer Bulgaria. 

1399. — Accession of Henry IV., king of England. 

1400. — John Huss, reformer in Bohemia. 

1407. — Bank of St. George established at Genoa. 
1409. — Council of Pisa — Three popes. 

1414. — Council of Constance convened for purpose of putting an end to 

the grand schism. 

1415. — Battle of Agincourt. 

1417. — End of the grand schism of the West — Election of Martin V. 
1420. — Peace of Troyes — The throne of France guaranteed to king of Eng- 
land, to exclusion of dauphin. 

Madeira discovered by the Portuguese. 

1422. — Henry VI., king of England, is proclaimed king of France. 

1431. — Council of Basle. 

1432. — Discovery of the Azores by the Portuguese. 

1435. — Peace of Arras — Decline of English party in France. 

1436. — Invention of moveable types for printing. 

1433. — Accession of house of Hapsburg to the throne of the empire. 

1444. — Battle of Varna by Amurath II. 

1445. — A standing army established in France by Charles VII. 
1447. — Accession of the Sforza family to the duchy of Milan. 

1452. — Civil war in England between the houses of York and Lancaster. 
Modena erected into a duchy. 

1453. — English expelled from France, with the exception of Calais. 

, May 29. — Constantinople taken by Mahomet II. — End of eastern 

empire of Greeks. 

1461. — Edward IV. king of England — Accession of the house of York. 

1474. — Ferdinand the Catholic, prince of Arragon, becomes king of Cas- 
tille by his marriage with Isabella, heiress of that kingdom. 

1477. — Charles the Bold, last duke of Burgundy, killed at the battle of 
Nancy— His daughter Mary, heiress' of his dominions, marries 
Maximilian of Austria — Origin of the rivalry between France and 
Austria. 

1479. — Ferdinand, king of Castille, succeeds to the throne of Arragon — 
Origin of the grandeur of the Spanish monarchy. 

1485. — Battle of Bosworth — Union of the houses of York and Lancaster in 

the person of Henry VII. — Accession of the house of Tudor. 

1486. — Cape of Good Hope discovered by Portuguese. 

1492. — Kingdom of Grenada conquered by Ferdinand the Catholic. 
Caribbee Islands discovered by Columbus. 

1493. — Bull of pope Alexander VI. for dividing the maritime discoveries 

between Spain and Portugal. 

1494. — Expedition of Charles VIII., king of France, for the conquest of 

the kingdom of Naples. 

1495. — Diet of Worms — Peace of the empire established — Imperial cham- 

ber instituted by Maximilian I. 

1498. — The Portuguese land at Calicut under Vasques de Gama — The 

discovery of a new route to India leads to the decline of Venice. 
Main land of America discovered by Columbus. 

1499. — Peace of Bale — Swiss maintain their independence against the 

emperor. 

1500. — Brazil discovered by tbe Portuguese. 



A.D. * 

1504. — Ferdinand the Catholic drives the French from Naples The king 

dom incorporated with that of Arragon. 
1508. — League of Cambray, of the powers of Italy, against Venice. 

1512. — Jean d'Albret deprived of the kingdom of Navarre by Ferdinand 

the Catholic. 

1513. — Switzerland is divided into thirteen cantons — Consolidation of the 

Swiss confederacy. 
1517. — Luther and Zuinglius — Origin of the Reformation. 
Dominion of the Mamelukes in Egypt and Syria overthrown by 

Selim I., emperor of Turks. 
1519. — Charles V. elected emperor. 

First voyage round the world by Ferdinand Magellan. 

1525. — Battle of Pavia — Francis I. prisoner. 

1526. — Battle of Mohacz — Death of Louis, king of Hungary and Bohemia 

— His dominions pass to Ferdinand of Austria, by his marriage 
with Anne of Hungary and Bohemia. 

1528. — Andrew Doria re-establishes the republic of Genoa. 

1529. — Moldavia and Wallachia fall under dominion of Ottoman empire. 

1530. — Charles V. gives island of Malta to knights of St. John of Jerusalem. 
Diet of Augsburg — -Confession of faith of the protestant princes 

presented to the emperor. 

Florence taken by the imperial troops — End of the republic of Flo- 
rence — Alexander of Medieis first duke of Florence. 

1532. — Henry VIII. divorces Catherine of Arragon. 

J. Calvin at Paris. 

1535. — House of Sforza extinct — Duchy of Milan passes to Spain. 

Revolution at Geneva — Introduction of democracy and Calvinism. 

1542. — Ireland established as a kingdom. 

1544. September 18. — Peace of Cressy between Francis I. and Charles 

V. — The French abandon their claims on Italy — Preponderance of 
Spain in that quarter. 

1545. — Peter Farnese created duke of Parma and Placentia by pope Paul 

Council of Trent. 

1546. — Sinalkaldic war. 

1548. — Diet of Augsburg — Charles V. makes himself dictator — The Low 
Countries placed under the protection of the empire, and styled 
" the circle of Burgundy." 

1552, January 15. — Treaty of alliance of Chambord — War of Maurice, 
elector of Saxony, against Charles V. — Henry II., king of France, 
ally of Maurice, takes Metz, Toul, and Verdun. 

1555. — Peace of Augsburg — The liberty of Germany, and the protestant 
religion maintained against Charles V. 

1558. — The English lose Calais. 

1560. — Conspiracy of Amboise — Beginning of the religious feuds in France. 
1563.— End of the Council of Trent. 

1566. — Compromise of Breda — Origin of the troubles in the Low Countries. 

1569. — Tuscany created a grand duchy, in favour of the house of Medieis. 

1570, 13th December. — Peace of Stettin — Denmark abandons its preten- 

sions to Sweden. 

1572. — Brill taken by the insurgents in the Low Countries — Union of 

Dordrecht— Massacre of St. Bartholomew. 
1576. — Origin of the catholic league in France. 
Pacification of Ghent. 

1579. — Treaty of union of Utrecht — Basis of the federative system of the 

United Provinces. 

1580. — Death of Henry the Cardinal, king of Portugal — The kingdom 

passes to Spain. 

1581. — Declaration of independence of the United Provinces. 

1582. — Gregorian calendar introduced. 

1584. — First English settlements in North America. 

1585. — Capture of Antwerp by the duke of Parma — Amsterdam rises in 

importance. 

1588. — Defeat of Spanish armada — Decline of Spanish monarchy. 
1595. — Peace of Teussin — Russians give up Esthonia to Sweden. 
1598, April 13. — Edict of Nantes — Religious freedom granted to pro- 
testants. 

1603, April 3. — Accession of the house of Stuart to the throne of England. 
1608. — Quebec founded by the French. 
1610. — Moors expelled from Spain. 

1618. — Beginning of the Thirty Years' War — The duchy of Prussia de- 

volves to the electoral house of Brandenburg. 

1619. — Batavia colonized by the Dutch. 

1620. — Battle of Prague. 

1621. — War breaks out again in the Low Countries. 
1626.— Battle of Lutter— Christian IV. defeated by Tilly. 

1628. — Petition of Right acceded to by Charles I. 

1629, September 25. — Truce of Altmarck between Sweden and Poland — 

Gustavus Adolphus retains Livonia. 

1634, June 15. — Peace of Wiazma between Russians and Poles— Smo- 
lensko, Tschernigow, and Nowgorod — Sewerskoi ceded to Poland. 

1640, December 1. — Revolution in Portugal — Portuguese shake off Spa- 
nish yoke. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



3 



A, ». 

1642. — Civil war in England between the king and parliament. 

1648, January 30. — Peace of Minister between the confederates of the Low 

Countries and Spaniards — Independence of the United Provinces 
recognised by Spain. 
; October 24. — Peace of Westphalia — Independence of the Swiss re- 
cognised by emperor — Alsace and the sovereignty of the three 
bishoprics of Lorraine ceded to France — A part of Pomerania, 
the isle of Rugen, Wismar, Bremen, and Werden, ceded to 
Sweden. 

- Balance of power in Europe guaranteed. 

1649. — Charles I. beheaded. 

1G55. — Jamaica taken by the English from the Spaniards. 

Chades X., king of Sweden, invades Poland — General war in the 

north of Europe. 

1657. — Treaty of Welau — The dukedom of Prussia declared a free and 
independent sovereignty. 

1659, May 21. — Treaty of the Hague between France, England, and 

Holland, for the purpose of maintaining the balance of power in 
the north. 

, November 7. — Peace of the Pyrenees between France and Spain — 

Artois, Roussillon, a part of Flanders, of Hainault, and of Luxem- 
bourg, ceded to France. 

1630. — Peace of Oliva between Sweden and Poland — Livonia ceded to 
Sweden. 

1660. — Restoration of the house of Stuart. 

16C6. — Treaty of Cleves — Cleves, Marck, &c. guaranteed to the elector of 
Brandenburg ; Juliers, Berg, &c. to the duke palatine of 
Neuburg. 

1667. January 30. — Truce of Andrussow between the Russians and Poles 

— Russia keeps Smolensko, Tschernigow, Kiow, &c, and the 
Cossack territory beyond the Dnieper. 

1668. — Triple alliance between Holland, Sweden, and England, to main- 

tain the independence of the Spanish Low Countries. 
Peace of Lisbon between Spain and Portugal — Independence of 

the latter guaranteed. 
, May 2. — Peace of Aix la Chapelle — Cession of Douai, Lille, &c. to 

France. 

1669. — Turks take Isle of Candia from the Venetians. 
1672, April 6. — Louis XIV. makes war on Holland. 

1678. — Peace of Nimeguen — Franche Comte and several towns of Low 
Countries ceded to France. 

1680. — Louis XIV. seizes the whole of Alsace. 

1681. — Strasbuvg surrenders to France. 

1684, — Truce of Ratisbon for twenty years between France, Spain, and em- 

peror — Louis XIV. retains some of his acquisitions. 

1685, October 22. — Revocation of edict of Nantes. 

1686, July 9. — League of Augsburg against Louis XIV. 
1688. — War of the palatinate. 

— - — Revolution in England — Accession of William and Mary. 
1692. — Hanover made an electorate. 

1696. — Azov taken by Peter the Great — Origin of the Russian navy. 

1697. — Peace of Ryswick between France, the emperor, Spain, England, 

and Holland — Strasburg ceded to emperor — All acquisitions made 
by France beyond Alsace annulled — Duke of Lorraine re-esta- 
blished in his duchy. 

1698. — First treaty of partition between France, England, and Holland — 

Joseph Ferdinand, prince elector of Bavaria, declared heir pre- 
sumptive of the Spanish monarchy. 

1699. — Peace of Carlowitz between emperor, Poles, Venetians, and Turks — 

Hungary, except Temeswar, Transylvania, and Sclavonia, ceded 
to emperor, Kaminiec and Podolia to the Poles, and the Morea to 
Venice. 

1700. March 13. — Second treaty of partition signed in London between 

France, England, and Holland — Archduke Charles of Austria 
declared heir presumptive of Spanish monarchy — Naples, Gui- 
puscoa, and Lorraine, assigned to the dauphin. 

Beginning of the general war in the north against Charles XII. 

, July. — Peace of Constantinople between Peter the Great and Turks — 

Russians retain Azov, and the free navigation of Black Sea. 

, October 2.— Charles II. of Spain makes a will in favour of Philip 

of Aujou, and dies November 1. 

, November 14. — Philip V. of Anjou proclaimed king of Spain — Ac- 
cession of house of Bourbon. 

1701. January 18. — Frederic III., elector of Brandenburg, assumes title of 

king at Konigsberg, styled Frederic I. 

, April 5. — War of Spanish succession commences in Italy. 

, June 23. — Act of parliament for securing succession of British throne 

to house of Hanover. 
, September 18. — Grand alliance signed at the Hague against France. 

1 703, May 27.— City of St. Petersburgh founded. 

, December 27. — Methuen treaty between England and Portugal. 

1704. — Gibraltar taken by the English. 
—~r- } August 13. — Battle of Blenheim. 



A. D. 

1707, March 6. — Union between England and Scotland. 

■ ■ Principality of Neufchatel devolves to king of Prussia. 

1709, July 8.— Battle of Pultowa— Charles XII. defeated by Peter the 

Great — Decline of Sweden — Aggrandizement of Russia. 
1711, July 21. — Peace of Falczi on Pruth between Russians and Turks — 

Peter the Great obliged to surrender Azov, and renounce the free 

navigation of Black Sea. 

1713, April 11. — Peace of Utrecht — Spain and France never to be united 

— The Low Countries to form a barrier against France, and 
assigned to the emperor, with the kingdoms of Naples and Sar- 
dinia, the duchy of Milan, and the ports of Tuscany — Sicily ceded 
to Victor Amadeus II., duke of Savoy — Gibraltar and Port Mahon 
retained by England. 

, December 21. — Victor Amadeus, duke of Savoy, crowned king of 

Sicily. 

1714, August 12. — Accession of the house of Hanover. 

1715, — The Morea taken from the Venetians by the Turks. 

Bremen and Verden ceded to the elector of Hanover by king of 

Denmark. 

, September 1 . — Death of Louis XIV. 

1717, January 14. — Triple alliance of the Hague between France, England, 

and Holland, against Spain. 

1718, August 2. — Quadruple alliance between the emperor, king of Spain, 

and duke of Savoy — Sicily ceded to emperor — Sardinia to duke 
of Savoy — Reversion of the grand duchy of Tuscany and of 
duchies of Parma and Placentia secured to don Carlos, infant of 
Spain. 

1720. — Peace of Stockholm between Sweden and king of Prussia — Stettin 
and Pomerania, between the Oder and Peene, ceded to the king of 
Prussia. 

. August 8. — Duke of Savoy put in possession of kingdom of Sardinia. 

1721^ September 10. — Peace of Nystett between Russia and Sweden- 
Livonia, Ingria, and Carelia ceded to Russia — Russia the leading 
power of the north. 

, October 22. — Peter the Great assumes the title of emperor of all the 

Russias. 

Congress of Cambray. 

1731, January 20.— Last duke of Parma, of Farnese family, dies — Don 
Carlos becomes duke of Parma and Placentia. 

1733. — Death of Augustus II., king of Poland — Election of Stanislaus 
Leczinski to the throne of Poland — Alliance between France, 
Spain, and king of Sardinia, in favour of Stanislaus, father-in-law 
of Louis XV. — Augustus III., elector of Saxony, elected to the 
throne of Poland, under protection of Russia. 

1737, — Death of last grand duke of Tuscany, of Medicis family — Francis, 

duke of Lorraine, becomes grand duke of Tuscany. 

1738, November 18. — Peace of Vienna between France and emperor — 

Lorraine ceded to France — Kingdom of two Sicilies to don Carlos 
— Grand duchy of Tuscany to duke of Lorraine — Parma and 
Placentia to emperor — Novara and Tortona to king of Sardinia. 

1739, September 18. — Peace of Belgrade between emperor, Russians, and 

Turks — Belgrade, Servia, and Austrian Wallachia restored to 
Turks — The Russians give up their conquests, and again abandon 
their claim to navigation of Black Sea. 

1740, October 30. — Accession of Maria Theresa. 

, December 23. — King of Prussia invades Silesia — War of Austrian 

succession. 

1741, May 18. — Alliance between France and Spain on one hand, and 

elector of Bavaria on the other, against Maria Theresa. 

1742, June 11 and July 28. — Peace of Breslau and Berlin between queen 

of Hungary, king of Prussia, and elector of Saxony — Silesia 
ceded to Prussia. 

1743, August 18. — Peace of Abo between Russia and Sweden — Part of 

Finland ceded to Russia. 
, June 27. — Battle of Dettingcn. 

1744, March. — France declares war against Maria Theresa and Great 

Britain. 

1745, May 11.— Battle of Fontenoy. 

, August. — Pretender lands in Scotland. 

■ , September 13. — Francis I. elected emperor of Germany — Accession 

of the house of Lorraine. 
, December 25. — Peace of Dresden between the empress, the king of 

Prussia, and elector of Saxony. 
174S._Peace of Aix la Chapelle— Duchies of Parma, Placentia, and 

Guastalla ceded to don Philip, infant of Spain— Territory of 

Pavia and county of Aughiera to Sardinia. 

1755. June. — War between France and England. 

1756. — King of Prussia invades Saxony. 

1757. — The empire, France, Russia, Sweden, join Austria and the elector 

of Saxony against king of Prussia. 
, March 23.— Chandernagore taken by colonel Clive— Foundation of 

British empire in India. 
1759, August 1.— Battle of Miuden. 

15 2 



4 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



A. D. 

1759, August 10. — Don Carlos, king of the Two Sicilies, becomes king of 
Spain, under title of Charles III. 

, September 13. — Victory of general Wolf in Canada. 

, September 18. — Quebec taken by the English. 

, Ferdinand IV., youngest son of don Carlos, king of the Two Sicilies. 

1761, August 15. — Family compact between the different branches of the 
house of Bourbon. 

1763, February 10. — Peace of Paris and Loudon between France, Spain, 

Portugal, and England — Cession of Canada to England by 
France, and of Florida by Spain. 

1764, — Archduke Joseph elected king of the Romans at Franckfort. 

1765, March 22. — Stamp act, origin of discontent in the North American 

colonies. 

1 768, May 15. — Corsica ceded to France by the republic of Genoa. 

1772, February 17. — Secret convention between the empress of Russia and 

king of Prussia as to partition of Poland. 

, August 5. — First treaty of partition of Poland — Polish Prussia, with 

a part of Poland proper, allotted to king of Prussia — Kingdoms 
of Gallicia and Lodomiria to Austria — Polish Livonia, with part 
of Lithuania, to Russia. 

1773, — Definitive treaty of Warsaw as to first dismemberment of Poland, 

between the three powers and republic of Poland. 

1774, July 21. — Peace of Koutschouk-Kaynardgi between Russians and 

Turks — Tartars of Crimea and Kuban declared independent of 
the Porte — Azov and the territory between the Bog and Dnieper 
ceded to Russia. 

1775, April 19. — American war begins. 

1776, July 4. — Declaration of independence of the American colonies. 
, October 4. — Act of confederation and union. 

1778, February 6. — Treaty of alliance and commerce between France and 

the United States of America. 
, War between France and England. 

1782, September 24. — England acknowledges the independence of the 

United States of America. 

1783, September 3. — Definitive peace of Versailles between England, 

France, and Spain — The port of Dunkirk made free — Minorca 
and Florida given back to Spain. 

, September 3. — Definitive peace of Paris between England and the 

United States of America. 

1784, January 8. — Convention of Constantinople between Russia and the 

Porte, confirming the cession of the Crimea, the island of Taman, 
and that part of the Kuban situated on the right bank of the river 
of the same name. 

, May 20. — Definitive peace of Paris between England and Holland — 

Cession of Negapatnam to England. 

1785, September. — The command of the Hague taken from the stadtholder 

— He retires to Guelderland — Origin of the disturbances in Hol- 
land. 

, November 8. — Definitive peace of Fontainebleau between the emperor 

and the united provinces of the Netheilands — Closing of the 
Scheldt confirmed. 

1787, January 1. — Edict of the emperor Joseph II. on the general govern- 

ment of the Netherlands — Origin of the disturbances in the 
Netherlands. 

, February 22. — First assembly of the notables of France at Versailles. 

1788, May 5. — Opening of the states general of France at Versailles. 
, June 17. — Formation of the national constituent assembly. 

1789, July 14. — Revolution of Paris — Taking of the Bastille — Institution of 

the national guards. 

1790, January 11. — Confederation of the Belgian provinces at Brussels, by 

the name of United Belgian States. 

, January 3 1 . — King of Prussia makes an alliance with the Porte 

against Austria and Russia. 

1791, June 21.— Flight of Louis XVI. 

1792, January 9. — Peace of J assy between Russia and the Porte — Oczakow 

and the country between the Bog and the Dniester remain to 
Russia — The Dniester is fixed upon as frontier between the two 
empires — Restitution of all the other conquests. 
, April 20. — France declares war against Austria. 

1792, September 21. — Opening of the national convention of France — 

Abolition of royalty — Proclamation of the French republic. 

1793, January 21. — Louis XVI. beheaded. 

, February 1. — National convention of France declares war against the 

king of Great Britain and the stadtholder of the United Provinces. 
, March 7. — France declares war against Spain. 

, First coalition between Austria, Prussia, the Empire, Great Britain, 

Holland, Spain, Portugal, the two Sicilies, the States of the 
Church, and the king of Sardinia against the republic of France. 

1794, July 10. — Brussels taken by the French. 

, July 27. — Downfal of Robespierre and his faction. 

1795, January. — Conquest of the United Provinces by the French. 

, February 9.— Treaty of peace between the republic of France and the 

grand duke of Tuscany. 



I A. D. 

1795, May 16. — Treaty of peace between the republic of France and the 

United Provinces of the Netherlands — Abolition of the office of 
stadtholder — Alliance offensive and defensive against England — 
Cession of Dutch Flanders, Maestricht. Venlo, and their depen- 
dencies — Port of Flushing made free — Navigation of the Rhine, 
the Meuse, the Scheldt, and all their branches open to the two 
nations. 

, July 22. — Treaty of peace concluded at Basle between the king of 

Spain and republic of France — Cession of the Spanish part of the 
island of St. Domingo. 

, October 1. — Reunion of Belgium and the country of Liege by the 

convention. 

, November 25. — Stanislaus Poniatowski, last king of Poland, resigns 

the crown. 

1796, March 30. — Napoleon Buonaparte made commander-in-chief of the 

army of Italy. 

, May 15. — Treaty of peace between the king of Sardinia and republic 

of France — Cession of Savoy, and the counties of Nice, Tende, 
and Beuil. 

1797, February 19. — Peace of Tolentino between the pope and French re- 

public — Cession of Avignon and the states of Ferrara, Bologna, 
and Romagna. 

, April 17. — Insurrection of the Venetian provinces against France. 

, May 16. — Revolution of Venice — Establishment of a provisional 

government — French enter the town. 
, May 22 and 23. — Revolution of Genoa. 

, June 14. — Installation of the provisional government of Genoa, by 

the name of the Ligurian republic. 

, July 9. — Confederation of Milan — Proclamation of the Cisalpine 

republic, formed of Austrian Lombardy, Bergamo, Brescia, Cre- 
mona, and other portions of the states of Venice, Mantua and the 
Mantuan, the Modenese, Massa, and Carrara, the Bologuese, the 
Ferrarese, and Romagna. 

« , October 17. — Definitive treaty of peace of Campo Formio, between 

the emperor, king of Hungary and Bohemia, and the republic 
of France — Cession of the Belgian provinces and Austrian Lom- 
bardy — Partition of the states of the republic of Venice — Corfu, 
Zante, Cephalonia, Santa-Maura, Cerigo, with the towns and 
ports of Albania, ceded to France— Istria and Dalmatia, the 
islands of the Adriatic, the town of Venice, with the states of 
Terra Firma from the Adige to the Tanaro, and the Po, given up 
to the emperor — The Cisalpine republic and its boundaries 
acknowledged — That of Venice annihilated — Austrian Brisgau 
given up in favour of the duke of Modena. 

1798, January 26. — French army enters Switzerland. 

, April 1 1 . — Proclamation of the Helvetian republic one and indivisible 

— Formation of an executive directory. 

, April 26. — Treaty of union of the republic of Geneva with the re- 
public of France, signed at Geneva. 

, May 19. — French fleet, under the orders of Buonaparte, comes out of 

Toulon. 

, June 12. — Malta surrenders to Buonaparte's naval. armament. 

, July. — Alexandria and Rosetta taken by Buonaparte. 

, August 1.— Battle of the Nile. 

, December 6. — French republic declares war against the kings of 

Naples and Sardinia. 

1799, January 23. — The French take possession of Naples — Neapolitan 

republic. 

, February 4. — Buonaparte moves upon Syria. 

, March 12. — Executive directory of France declares war against the 

emperor of Germany and grand duke of Tuscany. 

-, April. — Second coalition between Great Britain, the emperor of 

Germany, one part of the empire, the kings of Naples and Por- 
tugal, Russia, Turkey, and the states of Barbary, against France. 

, April 21. — Treaty of union of the Grisons with the Helvetian re- 
public signed at Coire. 

, May 4. — Seringapatam, capital of the Mysore, taken by the English 

— Overthrow of Tippoo Saib's power in India. 

, June 18. — Revolution in the French government by the withdrawing 

of three directors. 

, September 30. — Russians and Neapolitans take possession of Rome. 

, October 16. — Buonaparte arrives at Paris. 

, November 9 and 10. — Removal of the legislative body of France to 

St. Cloud — Suppression of the executive directory and the consti- 
tution of the year three — Establishment of a consular executive 
commission. 

, December 13. — New French constitution ordained — Buonaparte 

named first consul. 

1800, May 14. — Passage of the Great St. Bernard by the French army of 

reserve. 

, June 14. — Battle of Marengo by the first consul — Death of general 

Dessaix. 

, June 16. — Armistice between generals Berthier and Melas — All the 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE, 



A D. 

fortified places of Piedmont and Lombardy, with the towns of 
Genoa, Savona, and Urbino, given up to the French — Retreat of 
the Austrians beyond the Oglio. 

1800, July 2. — Union of Ireland with Great Britain. 

; September 5. — Malta falls into the power of the English. 

1801 February 9. — Treaty of peace signed at Luneville between France, 
the emperor, and the empire — -Cession of the whole left bank of 
the Rhine, of the county of Falkenstein, and the Frickthal to 
France — Principal clauses of the treaty of Campo Formio con- 
firmed — The grand duchy of Tuscany confirmed to the duke of 
Parma. 

, March 8.— -Descent of the English upon Egypt. 

■ March 9. — Definitive reunion of the four new departments of the 

Rhine to the republic of France. 
March 21.— Treaty between France and Spain concerning the cession 
of the duchy of Parma to the republic of France — Tuscany con- 
firmed to the prince of Parma with the title of king of Etruria. 

, March 28. — Treaty of peace signed at Florence between France and 

the king of the two Sicilies — Porto Longone, the island of Elba, 
the states degli Presidi, and the principality of Piombino ceded to 
France. 

j June G. — Peace between Spain and Portugal — Olivenza ceded to 

Spain — The Guadiana fixed on as boundary between the two 
countries. 

, August 24. — Treaty of peace and amity between France and the 

elector palatine of Bavaria — He gives up his ancient possessions 
on the left bank of the Rhine. 

, October 1. — Treaty of St. lldefonso between France and Spain — 

Louisiana restored to France. 

1802, January 26. — Buonaparte, first consul, accepts the office of president 

of the Italian republic, formerly Cisalpine — New organization of 
this republic. 

, March 27. — Peace between France, Spain, the Batavian republic, 

and Great Britain, signed at Amiens — Island of Trinidad and the 
Dutch possessions in Ceylon given up to Great Britain — Acknow- 
ledgment of the republic of the Seven Islands — Restoration of 
Malta to the knights of the order of St. John of Jerusalem agreed 
upon. 

, June 25. — Peace signed at Paris between France and the Ottoman 

porte — Free navigation of the Black Sea confirmed to the French 
flag. 

. August 2. — Napoleon Buonaparte proclaimed first consul for life. 

, September 1 1 . — A decree of the senate reunites Piedmont to France. 

1803, February 19. — Act of mediation of the first consul concerning the 

new constitution of Switzerland and its division into nineteen 
cantons. 

, May 16 and 22. — War renewed between England and France. 

, May 26. — French enter the electorate of Hanover. 

1804, May 18. — Decree of the senate declares Napoleon emperor of the 

French, and tenders him the hereditary imperial dignity — Esta- 
blishment of electoral colleges, and of an imperial court. 

, August 4. — Francis II., emperor of Germany, declares himself 

hereditary emperor of Austria. 

1805, March 18. — The crown of Italy offered to the emperor Napoleon, 

and accepted by him at a solemn assembly of the senate. 
, April 11. — Treaty of St. Petersburg between Great Britain and 

Russia for a third continental coalition against France. 
, June 23. — Lucca created a principality in favour of the prince and 

princess of Piombino. 
, September 24. — Emperor Napoleon quits the capital, to place himself 

at the head of the grand army. 

, October 1 7 and 19. — Capitulation of Ulm — Austrian army surrenders. 

, October 21. — Battle of Trafalgar between the British fleet and the 

combined fleets of France and Spain. 
, November 13.— French enter Vienna. 

, December 2. — Battle at Austerlitz of the three emperors — Entire 

defeat of the Austro-Russian army by the emperor Napoleon. 

, December 26. — Peace signed at Presburg between France and 

Austria — The ancient states of Venice, with Dalmatia and Vene- 
tian Albania, given up for the kingdom of Italy — The princi- 
pality of Eichstett, part of the territory of Passau, the Tyrol, 
Augsburg, and all the Austrian possessions in Suabia, intlieBrisgau, 
and the Ortenau, awarded to the new kings of Bavaria and Wir- 
temberg, and to the elector of Baden — Independence of the Hel- 
vetian republic, settled by the act of mediation, recognised. 

1806, January 1. — The new kings of Bavaria and Wirtemberg proclaimed. 
, February 8. — French army enters the kingdom of Naples. 

■ — — , March 15. — Prince Joachim declared grand duke of Berg. 

, March 30. — Joseph Napoleon declared king of Naples and Sicily. 

, May 1. — States of Venice reunited to the kingdom of Italy. 

— ■ — , June 5. — Prince Louis Napoleon proclaimed king of Holland. 

1 July 1 2. — Treaty of perpetual alliance signed at Paris between France 

and several members of the Germanic body, by the name of con- 



federated states of the Rhine — Napoleon declared protector of 
this confederation. 

1806, August 1. — Confederated states of the Rhine notify to the diet of 

Ratisbon their separation from the Germanic body. 
, August 6.— Proclamation of the emperor Francis II. on his abdica- 
tion of the throne of the empire — Entire dissolution of the Ger- 
manic body. 

, September 26. — Napoleon leaves Paris to join his army of Germany, 

in the face of a fourth continental coalition ready to break forth 
against France. 

, October 1. — Napoleon passes the Rhine at Metz, to put himself at 

the head of the French army in Franconia. 
, October 14. — Battles of Jena and Auerstadt — Complete defeat of 

the Prussian army by the emperor Napoleon — Between thirty and 

forty thousand Prussians, with three hundred pieces of caunon, 

fall into the power of the French. 
, October 27. — Napoleon enters Berlin. 

, October 28. — Duchy of Brunswick taken possession of in the name 

of Napoleon. 

, October 31. — Elector of Hesse declared enemy of France — French 

take possession of Hesse. 

, November 3. — Imperial decree for the organization of the Prussian 

states of the empire, and their division into four departments, 
those of Berlin, Custrin, Stettin, and Magdeburg. 

, November 21. — Decree of Napoleon dated from Berlin, declaring 

the British islands in a state of blockade. 

, December 11. — Treaty of peace signed at Posen between Napoleon, 

emperor of the French, and the elector of Saxony — the elector 
accedes to the confederation of the Rhine, under the title of king. 

1807, June 14.— Decisive battle of Friedland gained by the emperor of the 

French over the Russians and Prussians. 

, July 7. — Peace signed at Tilsit between Russia and France — Cession 

to Russia of that part of Polish or Eastern Prussia, situated 
between the Bug, the Lossosna, the Bobra, the Narew, the Lissa, 
the Narteck, &c. — Recognition of Joseph, Louis, and Jerome 
Buonaparte, as kings of Naples, Holland, and Westphalia — The 
seignory of Jever given up to the king of Holland. 

, July 9. — Treaty of peace at Tilsit between France and Prussia — 

Prussia gives up all her possessions in the empire on this side the 
Elbe ; as also the principal part of Polish Prussia described in the 
two treaties of Tilsit — That part erected into the grand duchy of 
Warsaw is given to the king of Saxony, with the Circle of Cotbus 
in Lower Lusatia — Dantzic re-established in its independence 
under the protection of the kings of Prussia and Saxony— Navi- 
gation of the Vistula and the. Netza are declared perfectly free. 

, August 7 to 12.— Castel-novo, Cattaro, and the islands of the Ionian 

republic restored to the French by the Russians. 

, August 13.— Blockade of the island of Zealand by the English — 

War breaks out between England and Denmark — Siege of 
Copenhagen commenced. 

, August 18. — Imperial decree orders the reunion of all the states 

composing the kingdom of Westphalia under one single govern- 
ment, and gives the police and the administration of the country 
into the hands of a regency. 

, September 7. — Capitulation of Copenhagen after a terrible bombard- 
ing — All the Danish fleet falls into the hands of the English. 

, October 1 0. — Treaty between France and Austria signed at Fontaine- 

bleau — Boundaries fixed between Italy and Austrian provinces — 
Establishment of a military road between the provinces of the 
kingdom of Italy, lstria, and Dalmatia — Restoration of the for- 
tress of Brennau agreed upon. 

, October 14. — Napoleon declares at the audience of the diplomatic 

body at Funtainebleau, that he will not henceforward permit any 
of the continental powers to have any connection either commer- 
cial or diplomatic with England ; and that if in the space of two 
months the prince-regent of Portugal does not give it up, the 
house of Braganza shall cease to reign in Portugal. 

, October 20. — Edict of the prince-regent of Portugal to close the 

ports of that kingdom against the navy of Great Britain, both 
ships of war and merchant ships. 

, October 26. — Russia declares all communication with England at an 

end. 

, A French army, under the orders of general Junot, enters Spain, 

to act in concert with the Spaniards against Portugal. 

, November 6. — Russia declares war against England. 

, November 29. — The prince-regent of Portugal embarks with his 

court to retire to Brazil. 

, November 30. — French troops enter Lisbon. 

, December 7. — Jerome Buonaparte takes the reins of government in 

the kingdom of Westphalia. 
, December 12. — The kingdom of Etruria taken possession of in the 

name of the emperor of the French — The tpaeen of Etruria sets 

off for Spain with the king her son. 



6 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



A. D. 

1807, December 17. — Napoleon passes a decree at Milan, declaring every 
vessel a good and lawful prize which, in order to conform to the 
decrees of the British government of the twenty-first of Novem- 
ber, shall have suffered the search of an English vessel, or paid 
any tax to that government. 

, December 23. — Contribution of one hundred millions of francs laid 

upon Portugal, by virtue of an imperial decree at Milan. 

1S03, February 1. — -Junot, general of the French army in Portugal, declares 
that the house of Braganza has ceased to reign in that kingdom. 

Rome occupied by the French troops, under the command of gene- 
ral Miollis. 

, March 1. — Imperial statute presented to the senate for the creation of 

the titles of princes, dukes, counts, barons, and knights of the 
French empire — Institution of a new hereditary nobility. 

, March 18 and 19. — Insurrection of the people of Madrid and of 

Aranjuez against Charles IV. and his minister the prince of 
Peace — The king obliged to abdicate, and the prince of Asturias 
raised to the throne by the name of Ferdinand VII. 

March 24. — French army enters Madrid, under the orders of the 

grand duke of Berg. 

, April 2. — Imperial decree which dismembers the states of the Church, 

Ancona, Urbino, Macerata, and Cainerino, and forms of them 
three new departments of the kingdom of Italy. 

, April 15. — Napoleon arrives at Bayonne. 

, May 2. — -People of Madrid rise against the French, they are repressed 

— The insurrection gradually extends all over Spain. 

, Charles IV., king of Spain, declares that his abdication of the crown 

was constrained. 

, May 6. — The prince of Asturias, Ferdinand VII., resigns the crown 

of Spain into his father's hands. 
, May 9. — Treaty of Bayonne between Napoleon and the prince of 

Asturias for the cession of Spain and the Indies — The king and 

queen of Spain, the prince of Asturias, the queen of Etruria, and 

the infants, as also the prince of Peace, retire into France. 
, May 2-1. — Decree of the senate for the reunion of the duchios of 

Parma and Placentia, as also of Tuscany, to the French empire. 
, June 6. — Proclamation of Napoleon, by which his brother Joseph, 

king of Naples and Sicily, is declared king of Spain and the 

I ndies. 

, Insurrection of the Portuguese against the French begins at Oporto, 

and spreads from thence throughout Portugal. 
, June 15. — The Code Napoleon introduced into the kingdom of 

Naples. 

, Opening of the Spanish junta at Bayonne. 

, June 20. — New constitution of the kingdom of Naples decreed at 

Bayonne by king Joseph Buonaparte, and guaranteed by the 

emperor of the French. 

, July 1. — Code Napoleon introduced into the grand duchy of Baden. 

, July 31. — An English army, commanded by sir Arthur Wellesley, 

lands in Portugal, and encamps on the heights of Leiria. 
,August 1. — Joachim Buonaparte proclaimed at Naples king of the 

two Sicilies. 

, August 21. — Battle of Vimiera in Portugal between the English and 

French. 

, August 24. — The insurgents of Spain proclaim Ferdinand VII. again. 

, August 30. — Convention of Cintra, near Lisbon, for the evacuation 

of Portugal by the French army. 
, November 5. — Napoleon arrives at his head-quarters at Vittoria in 

Spain. 

, December 4. — Surrender of Madrid, French re-enter that capital. 

; December 12. — Napoleon issues a proclamation at Madrid, declaring 

that Spain shall be treated as a conquered province if she persists 

in not acknowledging king Joseph. 
1809, January 14. — Treaty of pea.-e and alliance between Great Britain and 

the insurgents of Spain. 
, January 16. — Battle of Corunna, and death of general sir John 

Moore. 

, March 3. — Imperial decree declaring the princess Elizabeth princess 

of Lucca and Piombino, grand duchess of Tuscany. 

, The emperor Napoleon makes over the grand duchy of Berg to 

Louis Buonaparte son of the king of Holland, reserving to him- 
self the government aud administration of that state during the 
minority of the young prince. 

, April 9 and 11. — Austrians invade Bavaria and Italy — Austria makes 

war again on France and its allies of the confederation of the 
Rhine. 

, April 22. — Grand Austrian army, under the archduke Charles, de- 
feated by the emperor Napoleon at Eckmiihl, between Ratisbon 
and Landshut ; 50,000 Austrians made prisoners ; 100 pieces of 
cannon, 40 standards, and 3000 baggage-waggons taken — Aus- 
trians retreat by Ratisbon. 

, May 13. — Capitulation of Vienna, the garrison surrenders as prisoners 

of war. 



A. D. 

1809, May 17. — Decree of the emperor Napoleon dated from the camp of 

Vienna, for the union of the dominions of the pope with the French 
empire — Rome declared a free imperial town — The pope to con- 
tinue to hold his seat at Rome, with the revenue of two millions 
of francs. 

, May 21, 22. — Destructive battle of Ebersdorf, Gros Aspern, and 

Essling, on the left bank of the Danube — Bridges of the Danube 
broken by the sudden rise of the waters, which obliges the French 
to retire to the great island of the Danube, called In der Lobau — 
The marshal duke of Montebello dies of his wounds. 

, July 5, 6, and 7. — Passage of the Danube by the French army near 

the island of Lobau— Battles of Enzerdorf and Wagram — Aus- 
trian army under the archduke Charles defeated by the emperor 
Napoleon. 

, July 28.— Battle of Talavera. 

, July 31 and August 1. — A large English fleet arrives off the coast of 

Zealand — English land on the island of Walcheren, and take 
possession of Middleburgh and Tervera. 

, September 17. — Peace between Russia and Sweden signed at Fre- 

dericsham — Swedish Finland and the islands of Aland given up 
to Russia — The town and river of Tornea fixed on as northern 
boundary between the two kingdoms. 

, October 14.— Imperial decree, dated from Schoenbrunn, for the for- 
mation of the countries ceded to France by the peace of Vienna, 
comprising Dalmatia with its towns, into one single state, under 
the name of IlhJriSn provinces. 

, November 19. — Battle of Ocanna — Defeat of an army of 55, 00t> Spa- 
nish insurgents by Joseph Buonaparte — English retire into Por- 
tugal. 

, December 16. — The senate of France dissolves the marriage of the 

emperor Napoleon and the empress Josephine. 

1810, January 14. — Treaty of Paris between the emperor Napoleon and his 

brother the king of Westphalia — The electorate of Hanover ceded 
to the kingdom of Westphalia, with the exception of the duchy of 
Saxe Lauenberg, which the emperor reserves for himself. 

, January 24 — Declaration of Napoleon against the government of 

Holland, which had made its ports the principal entrepots of the 
commerce of England. 

, February 17. — The senate decrees the title of king of Rome to the 

eldest son of the emperor of the French, and ordains that the em- 
peror of the French should be crowned a second time at Rome 
within the ten first years of his reign. 

, February 27. — Napoleon announces to the senate of France his 

marriage with the archduchess Maria Loiusa, daughter of Francis 
II., emperor of Austria. 

, March 16. — Treaty concluded at Paris between the emperor Napo- 
leon and king of Holland, by which all intercourse between the 
ports of England and Holland is prohibited, until the orders of 
the British council of 1807 shall be revoked — The whole of Dutch 
Brabant, as well as Zealand, comprising the island of Schoen, 
are given up to France. 

, April 19. — Revolution of the Caraccas in Spanish South America — 

This province separates itself from the mother country, aud its 
example is followed by several other provinces. 

, April 26. — A decree of the senate re-unites all the countries situated 

on the left bank of the Rhine, from the confines of the depart- 
ments of the Roer and the Lower Meuse to the sea. 

, July 3. — Louis Buonaparte, king of Holland, abdicates in favour of 

his son, a minor — The regency is reserved for the queen-mother, 
assisted by a council of regency. 

, July 4. — French troops enter Amsterdam under the orders of Mar- 
shal duke of Reggio. 

, July 7. — Isle of Bourbon taken by the English. 

, July 9. — Imperial decree for the re-union of Holland to the empire of 

France — Amsterdam declared to be the third town in the empire. 

, August 5. — Napoleon announces to the United States of America, 

that his Berlin and Milan decrees of 1806 and 1807 shall cease 
to he in force from the first of November following, if the British 
government revoke its decrees concerning continental blockade 
and the subjection of neutrals to its regulations, or that the United 
States decide upon causing their rights of independence to be 
respected. 

, August 18. — King of Sweden proposes the prince of Ponte Corvo 

(Bernadotte) to the states of the kingdom, as his successor to 
the throne of Sweden. 

, August 21. — The diet of Sweden, assembled at Orebro, passes an 

act of election of the prince of Ponte Corvo and his heirs male, as 
successors to the throne of Sweden ; with a stipulation, that he 
shall embrace the Lutheran religion before he enters the kingdom 
of Sweden. 

, September 15. — A French army enters Portugal, commanded by the 

prince of Essling. 

, October 19. — Imperial decree, that all the English merchandise either 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 



7 



A. D. 

in France, Holland, the grand duchy of Berg, the Hanseatic 
towns, and generally from the Maine to the sea, shall be burned. 

1810, November 8. — Imperial decree, assigning to the pope for his resi- 

dence the ancient palace of the archbishopric at Paris. 

, November 12. — Imperial decree, uniting the Valais to the French 

empire. 

; December 1 3. — Decree of the senate for uniting to the French em- 
pire Holland, the Hanseatic towns of Bremen, Hamburgh, 
Lubeck, Lauenberg, and the countries situated between the 
northern sea, and a line drawn from the confluence of the Lippe 
and the Rhine, as far as Halteren, from Halteren to the Ems 
above Telget ; from the Ems to the confluence of the Werra and 
the Weser' near Rehme, beyond the Weser to Stolzenau, from 
Stolzeuau to the Elbe above the confluence of the Steckenitz, and 
from the Steckenitz to the Trave, as far as its entrance into the 
Baltic. 

1811, January 8. — Act of the English parliament, appointing the prince of 

Wales regent during the king's illness ; with restrictions for one year. 
, March 5 and 15. — French army, commanded by the prince of Ess- 

lingen, retreats from Portugal. 

, May 6. — Battle of Albufera under the Marshal duke of Dalmatia. 

, July 5. — Declaration of independence by the congress of the united 

provinces of Venezuela in South America. 
1-8 1 2, January 19. — Ciudad Rodrigo taken by the English. 
, February 18. — The prince regent of England enters into full royal 

authority. 

, May 28. — Treaty of peace signed at Bucharest between Russian 

plenipotentiaries and the grand vizir, the Pruth fixed upon as 

boundary between the two empires. 
, June 17. — Great Britain revokes the orders in council of the 7th 

January and 26th April, 1807. 

, America declares war against England. 

■ , June 19. — Pope Pius VII. arrives at Fontainebleau. 

, June 22. — Napoleon declares war against Russia, by a proclamation 

from Wilkowiski. 

, June 23. — The French army, commanded by the emperor Napoleon, 

passes the Niemen at different points to enter Russia — Russian 
army retreats towards the Dwina — All Lithuania open to the French. 

, June 28. — Napoleon enters Wilna. 

, The diet of Warsaw, formed into a general confederation, declares 

the kingdom of Poland and the body of the Polish nation re- 
established — This act of confederation submitted to the approba- 
tion of the emperor. 

, July 1. — The emperor names a provisional government for Lithuania. 

■ , July 18. — Peace signed at Orebro between Great Britain, Russia, and 

Sweden. 

, July 20. — Treaty of alliance between the emperor of Russia and the 

insurgents of Spain. 
, July 22. — Battle of Salamanca between the marquis of Wellington 

and the duke of Ragusa — Retreat of the French army behind the 

Douro. 

, July 23. — Battle of Mohilow gained by the prince of Echmuhl over 

prince Bagration. 
, August 11 . — English enter Madrid. 

, August 17. — Battle of Smolensko gained by the emperor Napoleon 

over several divisions of the Russian army — Smolensko taken. 

, September 7. — Battle of the Moskwa gained by Napoleon over the 

Russian general Kutusoff — Russian general Bagration mortally 
wounded. 

, September 14. — French enter Moscow — Moscow burned by the 

Russians. 

, October 19. — French army quits Moscow. 



A.T>. 

1812. October 22. — Siege of the castle of Burgos raised by lord Wellington 

— English army retreats towards Portugal. 
, November 1 . — French re-enter Madrid. 

, November 15. — The head-quarters of the grand army of France quit 

Smolensko. 

, November 19. — Passage of the Dnieper by the French army. 

, November 28. — Battle of the Beresina between the French army and 

the two united Russian armies of the Volnia and the Dwina. 
, December 18. — Emperor Napoleon arrives at Paris. 

1813. — Napoleon makes extraordinary efforts to renew the war. 
, April 20. — Takes the command of the army on the Elbe. 

, May 10. — Battle of Lutzen, in which the French army loses 70,000 

men. 

, May 20.— Battle of Bautzen. 

, June 4. — Armistice between the allies and the French army. 

, June 21. — Battle of Vittoria. 

, Prussia and Sweden join allies against France. 

, Denmark joins France. 

, French expelled from Spain. 

, Inquisition abolished. 

, August 28. — Battle of Dresden — Moreau killed. 

, September 7. — English enter France on the south under Wellington. 

, September 28. — Napoleon evacuates Dresden. 

, October 18. — Defeated at Leipsic. 

, November 15. — Revolution in Holland. 

, December 1. — Declaration of the allies at Frankfort. 

, December 8. — English army crosses the Nive. 

1814. — Denmark makes peace with the allies. 

, January 4. — Allied armies cross the Rhine. 

, France invaded on the north. 

, March 30.— Battle of Montmartre. 

, March 31. — Allies enter Paris. 

, Paris capitulates. 

— — , April 11. — Buonaparte abdicates the throne of France. 

, May 30. — Peace of Paris — Territory of France to be the same as on 

1st January, 1792, subject to the following modifications: — 
Landau to belong to France, and a part of the departments of 
Mont Tonnerre and Lower Rhine also ceded, in order to join that 
fortress to the rest ji the kingdom. Belheim the point of the 
Rhine where the frontier touches it. Prefectures of Chamberry 
and Annecy ceded to France — Frontier near Valenciennes ex- 
tended so as to take in Dour, Merbes le Chateau, Beaumont, and 
Chinay. In the departments of Sambre and Meuse, frontier ex- 
tended to Valcourt, Florennes, Beaurraing, Godune. Sarrebruck 
to belong to France. Congress of Vienna ordains that the seven- 
teen provinces formerly under sway of house of Burgundy shall 
be given to prince of Orange, with title of king. Prussia receives 
part of Saxon territory, including Saxon duchy, both divisions of 
Lusatia, the Landgravate of Thuringia, and county of Henneburg. 
The greater part of Poland, including the duchy of Warsaw, 
assigned to emperor Alexander, who declared himself king of that 
country. The German states to be independent, and united 
under a federative league, with a diet at Frankfort. Ionian 
islands become an independent state under the protection of Great 
Britain. Genoa ceded to king of Sardinia — Venice to Austria 
Malta to belong to Britain. Colonies, &c. taken by England 
from France to be restored as on 1st January, 1792, save Tobago, 
St. Lucie, Isle of France and its dependencies. Great part of St. 
Domingo ceded to France by treaty of Basle, retroceded to his 
catholic majesty. Guadaloupe and French Guiana restored to his 
most christian majesty. Port of Antwerp to be solely a port of 
commerce. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE I.] Mayors of the Palace, Dukes and Princes of the Franks, under the latter Merovingian Kings. 



S. Arnold, Bishop of Metz, Mayor of the Palace under Dagohert I. 640. 

A „^ 

Anchises, Mayor of the Palace under Sigebert II., killed in 674. 
\ . . 



Pepin of Heristel sets himself up as Mayor of the Palace, of Austrasia, 687 ; becomes master of the monarchy by the victory of Testry, 687 ; takes the 
title of Duke and Prince of the Franks, •{■ 714 ; married 1. Plectru.de, divorced about 688 ; 2. Alpaide. 



Grimoald, Mayor of the Palace of Neustria; 

assassinated 714. 
a 



ThendoaU, Mayor of the Palace under the guardianship 
of his grandmother Plectrude, 714 ; deposed 715. 



Charles Martel sets himself up as Duke of Austrasia, as Mayor of the Palace, 
and master of the monai'chy, 715 — 718; \ 741. 



Carloman, Duke and Prince of the Franks, obtains 
Austrasia, 741 ; retires to Mount Cassinus, 746 ; 
\ 755. 



Charlemagne, born 742 ; King of Neustria, 768; re-unites the whole monarchy, 771 ; King of the 
Franks and of the Lombards, 774 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 800 ; •{• 814. 



Pepin the Short, Duke and Prince 
of the Franks, obtains Neustria, 
741 ; re-unites the whole monarchy, 
746 ; royal dignity, 752 ; •}• 768. 



Carloman, born 75 1 ; King of Aus- 
trasia, 768 ; f 771. 



See Table II. 



Pepin. 



TABLE II.] 



Emperors and Kings of Italy of the Carlovingian Franks. 



Charlemagne, or Charles I., son of Pepin the Short, (Table I.) King of the Franks and of the Lombards, 768 — 774 ; crowned Emp. at Rome, 800 ; -j- 814. 
, a ; . 



Pepin, King of Italy, 781 ; f 810. 

A 



3. Bernard, 
King of Italy, 
810; f 818. 



4. Louis I., surnamed the Debonnaire, Colleague in the Empire, 813 ; 

A 



f 840. 



Adelaide, according 
to some, married 
Lambert, 



5. Lothario I., col- 
league in the Em- 
pire, 817 ; f 855. 



Louis, surnamed the 
German, King of 
Germany, 843 ; -f 
876. 



7. Charles II., surnamed the Bald, 
King of France, 843 ; Emperor and 
King of Italy, 875, 876 ; f 877. 
(See Table XI.) 



10. Guy, Duke of 
Spoleto, King of 
Italy, 888 ; Emperor 
891 ; f 894. 



6. Louis II., 
colleague in 
the Empire, 
850; f 875. 



11. Lambert, Em- 
peror and King of 
Italy, 894; 898. 




Charles, 
King of 

Provence 
•{• 863. 



3. Carloman, 
K.of Bavaria, 
876; of Italy, 
877 ; -\- 880. 

A 



Ermencja.rde mar- 
ried -Boson,King 
of Cis -jurane 
Burgundy ; + 
887. 

A , _ 



Bertha, mar- 
ried Thi- 
bald, C. 



12. Arnold, King 
of Germany, 887 ; 
Emperor andKing 
of Italy, 896 ; f 
899. 



Louis II., sur- 
named the 
young, King 
of Saxony ; 
f 882. 



9. Charles III., 
surnamed the 
Fat, Emp. and 
King of Italy, 
880 ; -f- 888. 



13. Louis, King 
of Cis -jurane 
Burgundy, 887; 
of Italy, 899 ; 
Emperor, 901 ; 
deposed, 902 ; 
f about 923. 



16. Hugh, C. of 
Provence, King 
of Italy, 926 ; 
f 947. 



15. Rodolph, King of Bur- 
gundy, elected King of Italy, 
in opposition to Berenger I., 
921 ; deposed, 926 ; f 937. 



17. Lothario, 
Colleague in the 
kingdom of Ita- 
ly, 931 ; -{-950; 
married Ade- 
laide, daughter 
of King Ro- 
dolph. 



Adelaide, married 1st, Lothario, 
King of Italy ; f 950 ; 2d, 
Otho the Great, King of Ger- 
many, 951. 



Gisele, married 
Everard, C. 
867. 



14. Berenger I. 
Duke of Friuli, 
King of Italy, 
888; Emperor, 
916; j - 924. 

Gisele, married 
Athelbert, Mar- 
grave of Ivrea. 



18. Berenger 
II., King of 
Italy, 950; de- 
throned by Otho 
the Great ; 
966. 

, A ( 

19. Athelbert, 
King of Italy, 
conjointly with 
his father. 



10 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE III.] Kings of Germany and Lorraine, of the Carlovingian Race. 

1. Louis I., called the German, younger son of Lewis the Debonnaire (Table II.), first King of Germany by the peace of Verdun, 843 ; -\- 876. 



2. Carloman, King of Bavaria, 876 ; -\- 880. 



5. Arnold, natural son, elected King of Germany 
and Lorraine, 887 ; f 899. 



6. Louis III., called the Infant, elected King of 
Germany, 900 , King of Lorraine, 900 ; f 911. 



3. Louis II., called the Young, King 
of Saxony, 876 ; of Lorraine, 879 ; 
f 882. 



4. Charles III. (L), called the Fat, King of 
Suabia, 876 ; King of Italy, and Emperor, 
880 ; King of all Germany and of Lorraine, 
882 ; deposed, 887 ; f 888. 

* *. $ 

7. Conrad I., elected King of Germany, 911: 
f 918. 



TABLE IV.] Emperors and Kings of Germany, of Lorraine, of Italy, of the House of Saxony. 

8. Henry I., called the Fowler, elected King of Germany, 919; re-unites the kingdom of Lorraine, 925; •{• 936. 
. — .A. 



9. Otho, called the Great, elected King of Germany and Lorraine, 
936 ; regent of Italy, crowned at Milan, 961 ; crowned at Rome, 962 ; 
+ 973. 

1 A 1 

10. Otho II., Emperor and King, 973; «f- 983. 

r * ^ 

11. Otho III., elected King of Germany, of Lorraine, and of Italy, 983 ; 
crowned Emperor at Rome, 996 ; -f- 1002. 



Henri/, Duke of Bavaria, 955. 

A 



Henry, called the Quarre/some, Duke of Bavaria, -j- 995. 

' ■ — \ 

12. Henry II., called the Saint, elected and crowned King of 

Germany and Lorraine, 1002; crowned King of Italy, 1004; 

and Emperor at Rome, 1014; >f> 1024. 



TABLE V.] Emperors and Kings of Germany, Lorraine, Burgundy, and Italy, of the Salique House. 

13. Conrad II., called the Salique, elected King of Germany, Lorraine, and Italy, 1024 ; re-united the kingdom of Burgundy, or of Aries, 1032 ; 

crowned Emperor at Rome, 1027; •{• 1039. 

, A 

14. Henry III., King, 1039 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1046 ; -\- 1056. 

A 

15. Henry IV., King, 1056 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1084 ; -f- 1106. * # # 

, A v 17. Lothario, called the Saxon, 

16. Henry V., King, 1106; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1111 ; 1125. elected King of Germany, &c. 1125; 

crowned Emperor at Rome, 1133; 
•(• 1137. 



TABLE VI.] Emperors and Kings of the House of Hohenstaufen. 

Frederic of Hohenstaufen, Duke of Suabia and Franconia, •(- 1 105 ; married Jgnes, daughter of the Emperor Henry IV, 1080. 
a 



Frederic, called the Squinter, Duke of Suabia, -j* 1147. 18. Conrad III., elected and crowned King of Germany, 1138 ; 1152. 

A , 

19. Frederic I., called Barbarossa, elected Kiug, 1152 ; crowned King of Italy at Pavia, and Emperor at Rome, 1155 ; -f- 1190. 

A , 



20. Henry VI., elected and crowned in Germany, 1169 ; crowned at Milan, 1186 ; Emperor at 21. Philip elected King, 1198; -f> 1208. 

Rome, 1191; f 1197. * * * 

, — A * 22. Otho IV., son of Henry, called the Lion, 

23. Frederic II., elected in German}', 1212 ; crowned Emperor at Rome, 1220 ; ^ 1250 Duke of Saxony, elected King, 1198; crowned 

, A : , King of Italy and Emperor, 1209 ; -f- 1218. 

24. Conrad IV., King, 1250 ; -f 1254. 



TABLE VII.] 



Emperors and Kings of different Houses. 



26. Richard, son of John Lack-Land, King 
of England, elected King, 1257; f 1272. 



25. William, son of Florentius IV., 
Count of Holland, elected King, 1247; 
\ 1256. 

28. Adolphus, son of Walram, Count of Nassau, elected King, 1292 ; \ 1298. 



27. Rodolph I., of Hapsburg ; 
elected King, 1273; f 1291. 

A 



29. Albert I. of Austria, elected King, 
1298 ; assassinated, 1308. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



11 



TABLE VIII.] 



Emperors and Kings of the House of Luxemburg. 



30. Henry VII., son of Henry, Count of Luxemburg, elected King, 1308; 
crowned King of Italy at Milan, 1311; Emperor at Rome, 1312 ; -f 1313. 
. , A , 

John the Blind, King of Bohemia, and Count of Luxemburg, + 1346. 
A 



32. Charles IV. (II.) elected King, 1346 ; crowned King of Italy at Milan, and 
Emperor at Rome, 1355 ; -\- 1378. 



33. Wenceslaus, King, 1378 ; 36. Sigismund, elected King, 1411; crowned 

deposed, 1400 ; f 1419. King of Italy at Milan, 1431 ; Emperor at 

Rome, 1433 ; -\- 1437. 



31. Louis IV. of Bavaria, elected King, 1314; 
crowned King of Italy at Milan, 1327 ; emperor 
at Rome, 1328 ; •{• 1347. 



John Henri/, Margrave of Moravia, 1375. 



35. Josse or Jodocus, elected King, 1410; + 1411. 

* # * 
34. Robert, son of Robert II., Elector Palatine, 
elected King, 1400; f 1410. 



TABLE IX.] 



Emperors and Kings of the House of Hapsburg-Austria. 



Albert II., Duke of Austria, grandson of the Emperor Rodolph of Hapsburgh, •{• 1358. 
A 



Leopold III., Duke of Austria, killed at Sempach, 1386. 

, A ^ 

Ernest, surnamed of Iron, Duke of Austria, 1424. 
A 



Albert III., Duke of Austria, 1395. 
, A ! ( 

Albert IV, Duke of Austria, 4 1404. 
A 



38. Frederic III., elected King, 1440 ; crowned King of Italy and Emperor at 

Rome, 1452 ; -\- 1493. 

t A 

39. Maximilian I., elected King of the Romans, 1486 ; succeeds his father, 

1493; takes the title of Emperor elect, 1508; f 1519. 
, A 

Philip of Austria, King of Castile, 1505 ; + 1506. 

A. 



37. Albert II., elected King, 1438 ; f 1439. 



40. Chari.es the Fifth, (III.) King of Spain, 1516 ; elected King of the Romans, 
1519 ; crowned at Bologna King of italy and Emperor, 1531 ; abdicates the empire ; 
and 4 1558. 



41. Ferdinand I., King of Hungary and Bohemia, 
1527 ; elected King of the Romans, 1531 ; Emperor 
elect, 1558; + 1564. 
.A 



42. Maximilian II., elected King of the Romans, 1562 ; Emperor elect, 1564; 1576. 
, A 



43. Rodolph II., elected King of the Romans, 1575 ; 
Emperor elect, 1576; ^ 1612. 
* # * 

51. Charles VII. (V.) Elector of Bavaria, Emperor 
elect, 1742; f 1745. 
sK. 

Maximilian-Joseph, Elector of Bavaria, 
+ 1777. 



44. Mathias, Emp. elect, 1612 ; f 1619. 



Charles, Archduke of Austria, at Graetz, -f 1590. 

( A 

45. Ferdinand II., Emp. elect, 1619 ; +1637. 
A ' 



46. Ferdinand III., elected King of the Romans, 1636 ; 

Emperor elect, 1637 ; •}• 1657. 
1a 



47. Ferdinand IV., elected King of the Romans, 1653 ; 
+ 1654. 



48. Leopold I., Emperor elect, 1658, 
f 1705. 



49. Joseph I., elected King of the Romans, 1690 ; Em- 50. Charles VI. (IV.) Emperor elect, 
peror elect, 1705; -\- 1711. 17 11 ; 4 1740. 

Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia, 1740; Empress, 1745; 1780; married 
Francis of Lorraine, grand Duke of Tuscany. 

(See Table X.) 



c 2 



12 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE X.] 



Imperial Family of Austrian-Lorraine. 



52. Francis I., bora 1708, son of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine, becomes grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737 ; Emperor elect, 1745 ; ■{• 1765 ; married 

Maria-Theresa, daughter and heiress of the Emperor Charles VI. 1736 ; 1780 
a ! 



53. Joseph II. 
born 1741 ; 
elected King 
of the Ro- 
mans, 1764 ; 
elected Em- 
peror, 1765 ; 
f 1790. 



Maria-Christi- 
na, born 1 742, 
•j- 1798; mar- 
ried Albert, 
Duke of Saxe- 
Teschen,1766. 



Maria-Amelia, 
born 1746 ; 
•f- 1804 ; mar- 
ried Ferdi- 
nand, Duke of 
Parma, 1769. 



54. Leopold II., 
born 1747 ; gr. 
Duke of Tus- 
cany, 1765 ; e- 
lected Emperor, 
1790; f 1792; 
married Maria- 
Louisa, daugh- 
ter of Charles 
III., King of 
Spain, 1765 ; 
■\- 1792. 



Maria - Caroli- 
««,born 1752, 
married Fer- 
dinand IV., 
K. of Sicily, 
1768. 



Maria -The- Maria -Leo- Franc 



Ferdinand, born 
1754 ; governor of 
Austrian -Lombar- 
dy until 1796; 
Duke of Modena- 
Brisgau, 1803 ; 
•f- 1806 ; married 
Maria - Beatrice, 
daughter and heir- 
ess of the last 
Duke of Modena, 
1771. 

A 



Marie - Antoi- 
nette,]). 1755, 
f 1793; mar- 
ried Louis, 
Dauphin of 
France, 1770. 



Maximilian, b. 
1756; Elector 
of Cologne, 
and Bishop 
of Minister, 
1784; f 1801. 



rrsa, born 
1773 ; mar- 
ried Victor 
Emanuel, 
K. of Sar- 
dinia.1789. 



poldina, b. 
1 776 ; mar- 
ried Charles 
Theodore, 
Elector Pa- 
latine of 
Bavaria, 
1795. 



Joseph- 
Charles, 
b. 1779. 



Ferdi- 
nand, b. 
1781. 



Maximi- 
lian, b. 
1782. 



Cha?-les, 
b. 1785. 



Maria - 
Louisa- 
Beatrice, 
b. 1787; 
married 
F?-ancis 
II. (I.) 
Emperor 
1808. 



55. Francis II. (1.) born 1768 ; 
elected Emperor, 1792 ; here- 
ditary Emperor of Austria, 
1804 ; relinquishes the dignity 
of Emperor of the Romans, 
1806 ; married, 1. Elizabeth- 
JVilltelmina-Louisa,Vi'mcess of 
Wirtemburg, 1788 ; •)• 1790 ; 
2. Muria-Theresa, daughter of 
Ferdinand IV., King of Sicily, 
1790; f 1807 ; 3. Maria- 
Louisa-Beatrice, daughter of 
Archduke Ferdinand, 1808; 
•f- April, 1816 ; 4. Charlotte 
Augusta of Bavaria, Nov. 1 8 1 6. 



Maria - 
Theresa, 
b. 1767; 
married 
Antony, 
Prince of 
Saxony, 
1787. 



Ferdinand, b 
1 769 ; grand 
Duke of Tus- 
cany, 1791 ; 
Elect.ofSaltz- 
burg, 1S03 ; 
grandDukeof 
Wurtzburg, 
1806; mar- 
ried Louisa- 
Amelia, Prin- 
cess of Sicilv, 
•j- 1802. 



Maria- 
Anna, 
b. 1770. 



Charles, Ge- 
neralissimo 
of the Aus- 
trian armies 
born 1771. 



Joseph, Pa- 
latine of 
Hungary, 
born 1776; 
married 
Atexandri- 
na Pawlow- 
1801. 



Antony, 
b. 1779. 



John, 
b. 1781. 



Rcgnier, Lewis, Rodolph, 
b. 1783. b. 1784. b. 1788. 



Leopold, heredi- 
tary gr. Duke, 
born 1797; mar- 
ried Maria-An- 
na - Carolina, 
Princess of Sax- 
ony, 1817. 



Maria- 
Louisa, 
b. 1798. 



Theresa, 
b. 1801. 



Maria-Louisa, b. 
1791 ; married 
Napoleon, Em- 
peror of the 
French, 1810; 
separated, 1814; 
Duchess of Par- 
ma, 1815. 



Ferdinand 
Charles, im- 
perial prince 
born 1793. 



Leopoldina - 
Caroline-Jo- 
seph, born 
1793; mar- 
ried Pedro 
Antonio, Pr. 
of Brasil, 
1817. 



Maria- 
Clementina- 

Frances, 
born 1798. 



Joseph- 
Francis- 
Leopold, 
born 1799. 



Caroline- 
Ferdinanda- 

Joseph- 
Vemetria, 
born 1801. 



Francis- 
Charles- 
Joseph, 
born 1802. 



Maria- 
Anna- 
Frances, 
born 1804. 



Jokn- 

Nepomucenes- 
Charles- 
Francis- 
Joseph, 

"born 1805. 



TABLE XL] 



Kings of France of the Carlovingian Race. 



1. Charles I., surnamed the Bald, youngest son of Louis the Debonnaire, (see Table II.) first King of France, by the peace of Verdun in 843 ; ^ 877. 

, A , 



2. Louis II. (I.) surnamed the Stammerer, King, 877 ; 879. 

A 



6. Eudes, Son of Bo. 3. Louis III. (II.) 

bert the Str.ny, King, King, 879 ; f 882. 

888; 898. 

# * * 
8. Robert I., youngest 

Son of Robert the 

Strong, King, 922 ; 

f 923. 



4. Carloman, King, 7. Charles III., surnamed the Simple, proclaimed 
879 ; -j - 884. King, in opposition to Eudes, 892 ; imprisoned, 923 ; 

f 929. 

) A ( 

10. Louis IV. (III.) King, 936 ; f 954. 

( A ( 

11. Lothario, King, 954; f 986. 
, A _ 



12. Louis V. (IV.) surnamed the Idle, King, 986 ; -f- 987. 



5. Charles II., sur- 
named the Fat, 
third son of Louis ' 
the German, King, 
865 ; <f- 888. 

9. Ralph, son-in-law 
of Robert I., King, 
923 ; -j- 936. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



13 



TABLE XII.] Kings of France of the Capetian Dynasty, from Hugh Capet to Charles the Fair. 



13. Hugh Capet, grandson of King Robert I., King, 987 ; -f- 996. 

, A ^ 

14. Robert II., King, 996 ; f 1031. 

15. Henry I., King, 1031 ; f 1060. 
A 

16. Philip I., King, 1060; f 1108. 



17. Louis VI. (V.) surnamed the Fat, King, 1108; -f- 1137. 
- A. 



18. Louis VII. (VI.) surnamed the Young, King, 1137; -J- 1180. 
.a 

19. Philip II. Augustus, King, 1180; f 1223. 
_ A. 

20. Louis VIII. (VIL) King, 1223; f 1226. 



21. Louis IX. (VIII.) or St. Louis, King, 1225 ; f 1270. Charles, Count of Anjou, founder of the royal family of Naples. 



22. Philip III., surnamed the Bold, King, 1270 ; •}• 1285. Robert, Count of Clermont, -\- 1317, founder of the branch of Bourbon. 

I (See Table XV.) 

23. Philip IV., surnamed the Fair, King, 1285 ; •)• 1314. Charles, Count of Valois, -j- 1325, founder of the branch of Valois. 

I (See Tables XIII. and XIV.) 



24. Louis X. (IX.) surnamed le Hutin, King, 1314 ; Isabella, \ 1357 ; married Edward II. king of England. 26. Philip V., 27. Charles 

1316. . A v surnamedTHE IV. surnamed 

, A , Edward III , king of England, pretender to the throne Tall, King, the Fair, 

25. John I., surnamed the Posthumous, King, of France in 1337. 1316,^-1322. King, 1322; 

born and f 1316. f 1328. 



TABLE XIII.] 



Kings of France of the House of Valois. 



Charles of Valois, younger son of King Philip III., surnamed the Bold, (see Table XII.), -f- 1325. 

, ^! , 

28. Philip VI. of Valois, King, 1328; j- 1350. 



29. John II., surnamed the Good, King, 1350; •{• 1364. 



30. Charles V., surnamed the Wise, 
King, 1364; f 1380. 
A 



31. Charles VI., King, 1380; 
•j- 1422. 



32. Charles VII., surnamed the Vic- 
torious, King, 1422; 1461. 



33. Louis XI. (X.) King, 1461 ; f 1483. 



34. Charles VIII., King, 1483 ; •{• 1498. 



Louis, Duke of Anjou, founder of the family of 
the titular Kings of Naples. 



Louis, Duke of Orleans, assassinated in 1407, founder of the 
branch of Valois-Orleans. ''See Table XIV.) 



Philip the Bold, created Duke of Burgundy, 
1363; f 1404. 



John, surnamed Dread-nought, Duke of Bur- 
gundy, assassinated on the bridge of Monte- 
reau, 1419. 



Philip, surnamed the Good, Duke of Bur- 
gundy, -j- 1467. 



Charles, surnamed the Bold, Duke of Bur- 
gundy, killed at Nancy, 1477. 
A 

Mary, only daughter and heiress of the states 
of Burgundy, married Maximilian of Austria, 
1477. 



TABLE XIV.] Kings of France of the House of Valois-Orleans. 



Louis, Duke of Orleans, son of Charles V., assassinated in 1407. (See Table XIII.) 
. / 



Charles, Duke of Orleans, -\- 1465. John, Count of Angouleme, 1467. 

A . _ A 



35. Louis XII. (XI.) Duke of Orleans, 1465; King, 1498; f 1515. Charles, Count of Angouleme, f 1496. 



36. Francis I., Count of Angouleme, 1496 ; King, 1515 ; f 1547. 



37. Henry II., King, 1547; •{• 1559 ; married Catherine of Medicis. 



38. Francis II., King, 1559 ; -f- 1560 ; mar- 39. Charles IX., King, 40. Henry III., King of Poland, 1573 ; Francis, Duke of Alen s on, 

ried Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland. 1560 ; •{- 1574. King of France, 1574 ; assassinated in -J- 1584. 

1589. 



14 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE XV., No. 1.] 



Kings of France of the House of Bourbon. 



Robert, Count of Clermont, youngest son of St. Louis, ■j- 1317. (See Table XII.) 

1 * 1 

Louis, first Duke of Bourbon, -j- 1341. 



Peter L, Duke of Bourbon, 1356; founder 
of the Dukes of Bourbon, and the Counts 
of Montpensier ; extinct 1527. 



James I., Count of la Marche, •{• 1361. 

, A ^ 

John I., Count of la Marche, \ 1393. 
A 



James II., Count of la Marche, •}• 1438. 



Louis, Count of Vendome, -\- 1446. 
( A 

John I., Count of Vendome, -f- 1477. 

A 



Francis, Count of Vendome, 1495. 



Charles, first Duke of Vendome, -f- 1537. 



Louis, Prince of LaRocriE-suR-YoN, -J- 1530; 
founder of the house of this name, and of 
the Dukes of Montpensier; extinct 1608. 



John, Lord of Oa- 
RENOY,aboutl458, 
founder of the 
House of Ca- 
rency ; extinct 
1515. 



Antony, Duke of Vendome, King of Navarre, 1562. 
A 



Louis I., Prince of Conde, 1569 



41. Henry IV., King of France and Navarre, 1589 ; assassinated 14th May, 1610. 

A 

42. Louis XIII. (XII.) King of France and Navarre, 1610; f 14th May, 1 643. 
, A. _ 



Henri/ I., Prince of Conde, 156 
. A. 



43. Louis XIV. (XIII.) King, 1643; 
•J- 1st September, 1715. 

A. 

Louis, Dauphin, ■{• 1711. 

A 



Philip l, Duke of Orleans, -J- 1701 ; 
founder of the branch of Bour- 
bon Orleans. 

(See Table XV., No. 2.) 



Henry II , Prince of Conde, -\- 1646 



Louis II., Prince of Conde, •{• 1686 
founder of the branch of Conde. 



Armand, Prince 
of Conti,fl66f), 

FOUNDER Of (he 

branch of Conti. 



Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Ar 1712. 

A 



44. Louis XV. (XIV.) born 1710; King, 
1715; -f- 10th May, 1774. 

A. 

Louis, Dauphin, horn 1729 ; 1765. 

A 



Philip V., King of Spain, 1701 
founder of the branches of Spain, 
the Two Sicilies, Parma, and Etru 
ria. (See Table XVII.) 



45. Louis XVI. (XV.) born 1754; guillotined 
21st January, 1793 ; married Maria-Anloinetta of 
Austria, guillotined 16th October, 1793. 



47. Louis XVIII. (XVII.) born 1755 ; 
King, 1795 ; f 1824. 



48. Charles X., born 1757; 
King,1824;de nosedJuly,1 8'30. 



Maria- Theresa, born 1778 ; 
married Louts, Duke of 
Angouleme. 



46. Louis XVII. (XVI.) 
born 1785 ; King, 1793; 
+ 1795. 



Louis, Duke of Angouleme, born 1775 ; 
married Maria- Theresa, daughter of 
Louis XVI.; Dauphin, 1824.. 



Charles, Duke of Berry, bcrn 
1778; assassinated Febru 
ary,1820; mairied 1 816,71/a ■ 
ria- Caroline- Theresa, daugh- 
ter of the King of Naples. 



Henry-Louis, Duke of Bour- 
deaux, born 1820. 



[For Table XV., No. 2., Kings of the French of the House of Bourbon Orleans, see the end.] 



TABLE XVI.] 



Kings of Spain of the House of Austria. 



Philip I., son of the Emperor Maximilian I., King of Castile, 1505 ; \ 1506 ; married Joanna the Simple, daughter of Ferdinand the Catholic and Isabella 

of Castile, 1496. 



Charles I., called Charles the Fifth, born 1500 ; King of Spain, 1516 ; Emperor, 1519 ; abdicates, 
1556 ; 1558 ; married Isabella, daughter of Emanuel, King of Portugal, 1526 ; 1539. 

A 

Philip II., born 1527; King of Spain, 1556 ; of Portugal, 1580; f 1598. 
f . . A . 

Philip III., born 1578 ; King of Spain and of Portugal, 1598 ; •{• 1621. 



Ferdinand I., born 1503 ; founder 
of the German branch of Austria. 



Charles, Archduke, + 1590. 
A I 



Anna-Maria, born 1601 ; 
married Louis XIII., 
King of France, 1615. 



Philip IV., born 1605 ; King of Spain and of Portugal, 1621 ; 
loses Portugal, 1640; 1665; married, 1 . Elizabeth, daugh- 
ter of Henry IV., King ot France, 1621 ; 1644; 2. Mary- 
Anne, daughter of Ferdinand III., 1649. 

_ \ 



Marianne, hoxn 1 606; 
married Ferdinand 
III., son of the Em- 
peror Ferdinand II., 
1631. 



Ferdinand II., Emperor, 1637. 
N) A ( 

Ferdinund III., Emperor, 1657. 



Maria-Theresa, born 1638; 
married Louis XIV., King 
of France, 1660; founder 
of the Kings of Spain of the 
house of Bourbon. (See 
Table XVII.) 



Margaret - Theresa, horn 
1651; married Leopold L, 
Emperor, 1666. 



Charles II., horn 1661 ; King 
of Spain, 1665; Ar November 
1, 1700, without children. 



Leopold I., Emperor, \ 1705. 



Joseph 1., Emperor, 
+ 1711. 



Charles, Archduke, declared King 
of Spain by the name of Charles 
III. 1703; Emperor, 1711; \ 1740. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



15 



TABLE XVII.] 



Kings and Princes of Spain of the House of Bourbon. 



Philip V., son of Louis, Daupliin of France, and grandson of Louis XIV., (see Table XV.) born 1683 ; declared King of Spain, 1700 ; abdicates, '15th 
January; re-ascends the throne 6th September, 1724; -f 1746; married, 1. Maria-Louisa of Savoy, 1701; 1714; 2. Elizabeth of Parma, 1714; -j-1766. 



Louis I., born 
1707 ; King, 
17th January ; 
•f- 31st August, 
1724. 



Ferdinand VI., b. 
1711; King, 1746, 
•\- 1759 ; married 
Maria, daughter of 
John V., King of 
Portugal, 1739 ; 
•{• 1758. 



Maria-Anna- Vic- 
toria, betrothed 
to Louis XV., 
<f 1781; mar- 
ried Joseph I., 
King of Portu- 
gal, 1732. 



Chari.es III., born 
171C ; Duke of 
Parma and Pla- 
centia, 1731; King 
of the Two Sicilies, 
1735; King of 
Spain, 1759; 
1788; married Ma- 
ria-Amelia, daugh- 
ter of Augustus 
III., K. of Poland, 
1738; + 1760. 



Philip, bom 1720 ; 
Duke of Parma 
and Placentia, 
1748 ; f 1765 ; 
married Louisa- 
Elizabeth, daugh- 
ter of Louis XV., 
1739. 



Louis, born 1727; Maria- Antoinet- 



Archbishop of To- 
ledo and Cardinal ; 
resigns, 1754 ; 
1785 ; married 
Maria- Theresa of 
Fallabriga, 1776. 



ta, born 1729 ; 
f 1785 ; mar- 
ried Victor-Ama- 
deus III., King 
of Sardinia, 
1750. 



ZoKi's, bornl 777; 
Archbishop of 
Toledo and Car- 
dinal, 1800. 



Caroline, born 1779 ; 
married, 1797, Ma- 
nuel Godoy, Prince of 
Peace, born 1768. 



Maria-Louisa, born 
1745 ; f 1792 ; 
married Leopold, 
grand Duke of 
Tuscan)', 1765. 



Charlotte-Joachima, 
born 1775 ; mar- 
ried John, regent 
of Portugal, 1790. 



Charles IV., bora 1748 ; 
King of Spain, 1788; ab- 
dicates the crown, and 
cedes the Spanish monar- 
chy to the Emperor Na- 
poleon, 1808; f 1819 ; 
married Louisa, daughter 
of Philip Duke of Parma, 
1765. 

A 



Ferdinand IF. King 
of the Two Sicilies, 
born 1751. 



Gabriel-Antonio-Francis-Xavier, bom 1752; 
•\- 1788; married Maria- P'ictoria, Princess of 
Beira, only daughter of Queen Mary I. of 
Portugal, and King Pedro III., born 1768 ; 
married 1784; -f- 1788. 



Antonio- Pascal,\>om\7db ; 
married Maria-Amelia, 
daughter of Charles IV., 
1795 ; f 1798. 



Pedro-Charles-Antonio, born 1786 ; educated from 1790 at the court of Lisbon ; 
married Maria-Theresa, daughter of John Prince of Brazil, 1810. 



Maria-Amelia, born 
1779 ; f 1798 ; 
married Antonio- 
Pascal, her uncle, 
1795. 



Maria-Louisa, born 
1782 ; married 
Louis, Prince of 
Parma, 1795 ; 
Queen of Etruria, 
1801. 



Ferdinand VII., Prince of 
Asturias, b. 1784 ; reigns 
and resigns, 1808; re-esta- 
blished in the Spanish mo- 
narchy, 1813 ; married, 1. 
Maria-Antoinetta, daugh- 
ter of Ferdinand IV, King 
of Sicily, 1802; f 1806; 2. 
Isabella, daughter of the 
Regent of Portugal, 1817; 
•}• 1818 ; 3. Maria-Ame- 
lia-Frederica, Princess of 
Saxony, 1819; f 1829 ; 
4. A daughter of King of 
Naples, 1830. 



Charles, born 
1788 ; mar- 
ried Maria, 
daughter of 
the Regent 
of Portugal, 
1817. 



A son, born 
1818. 



Maria-Isabella 
born 1789 ; 
marriedFro«- 
cis-Januarius, 
Prince of Si- 
cily, 1802. 



Francis de 
Paula, born 
1794. 



TABLE XVIII.] Kings of Portugal of the House of Braganza. 

21. John IV son of Theodoshts II., Duke of Braganza, and descendant of Alphonso^ natural son of John I., King* of Portugal, proclaimed King 1 of Portugal 
the 1st Decemher, 1640; f 1656 ; married Louisa de Guzman, daughter of the Duke of Medina Sidonia, 1632; Regent, 1656; *j* 1666. 



22. Alphonso VI., born 1643; King, 1656; resigns, 1667 ; 
•\r 1683 ; married Maria-Frances-Elizabeth, Princess of 
Nemours, 1666 ; divorced, 1668. 



23. Pedro II., born 1648 ; Regent, 1667 ; King, 1683 ; 1706 ; married, 1. Maria- 
Frances-Elizabeth, the divorced wife of his brother, 1668 ; -f 1683; 2. Maria- 
Sophia-Elizabeth, Princess Palatine, 1687; -f- 1699. 



24. John V., born 1689; King, 1706; 1750; married Marianna-Josephina-Antoinetta, daughter of Emperor Leopold I., 1708; •{• 1754. 



25. Joseph I., bom 1714; King, 1750; \ 1777; married 
Marianna-Victoria, daughter of Philip V., King of Spain, 
1732; f 1781. 



26. Pedro III., born 1717; titular King, 1777 ; -f-1786; married Maria, daughter 
of his brother King Joseph I., 1760 ; Queen of Portugal, 1777. 

i 1 . . 



26. Maria I., born 1734; Queen, 
1777; married her uncle Pedro 
III., younger son of King John 
V., 1760; f 1817. 



Maria - Frances, born 
1746; married Joseph, 
Prince of Brazil, 1777; 
•f 1788, 



Joseph, Prince of Brazil, 
born 1761 ; f 1788 ; 
married Maria- Frances, 
his aunt, 1777. 



27. John, Prince of Brazil, born 
1767; f 1826; Regent, 1799; re- 
tires to Brazil, 1808 ; King, 1816; 
married Charlotte - Joachima, 
daughter of Charles IV., King of 
Spain, 1790. 





Maria- Fictoria,\>oxn 
1 788 ; married Ga- 
briel-Antonio, In- 
fant of Spain, 
1784. (See Table 
XVII.) 



Maria- Theresa,born 
1793 ; married 
Pedro- Charles-An- 
tonio, Infant of 
Spain, 1810. 



Isabella- Maria- 
Frances, 
born 1797. 



Pedro-Antonio, born 1 798 ; 
declared Constable of 
Brazil, 1807 ; Emperor of 
Brazil, 1822 ; married 
daughter of Ferdinand 
VII. 

A 



Maria- Frances, 
born 1800. 



Isabella-Maria, 
born 1801. 



Miguel, 
born 1802. 



Marianne, 
bom 1805. 



28. Maria da Gloria, b. 1819 ; 
Queen of Portugal, 1826. 



16 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE XIX.] 



Anglo-Saxon and Danish Kings of England. 



1. Egbert, surnamed the Great, first King of all England, 827 ; + 836. 

, A v 

2. Ethelwolf, King, 836 ; + 857. 

A . . 



3. Ethelbald, King, 857 ; + 860. 4. Ethelbekt, King, 860 ; + 866. 5. Ethelred I., King, 866 ; +871. 6. Alfred, called the Great, 

King, 871 ; + 901. 

, A , 

7. Edward, called the Ancient, 
King, 901 ; + 925. 



8. Athelstan, King, 925 ; + 941. 



9. Edmund I., King, 941 ; + 946. 
A 



10. Edred, King, 946 ; + 955. 



11. Edwy, King, 955; + 957. 



12. Edgar, called the Pacific, King, 957 ; + 975. 
.a , 



13. Edward II., surnamed the Martyr, King, 975 ; assassinated, 978. 



17. Edmund II., surnamed Ironside, King, 1016; 1017. 

A 

Edward, + 1057. 
f -A 

Edgar Alheling. 
* * * 
Godwin, Count of Kent, + 1053. 
A 



22. Harold II., King of England, 1066 ; defeated and killed by 

William the Conqueror, 1066. 



14 and 16. Ethelred II., King, 978; deposed, 1013; re-established, 
1014 ; + 1016. 



21. Edward III., surnamed the Confessor, King, 1042; + 1066. 
* ♦ * 
Harold Blaatand, King of Denmark. 

, A 



15. Sweno, King of England and of Denmark, 1013 ; + 1014. 
A 



18. Canute, called the Great, King of England and of Denmark, 
1017; + 1036. 



19. Harold I., King of 
England, 1036; +1039. 



20. Hardiknute, King of England 
and of Denmark, 1039 ; +1041. 



TABLE XX.] Kings of England of the Norman Race. 

1. William I., surnamed the Conqueror, Duke of Normandy, King of England, 1066; + 1087. 



2. William II., surnamed Rufus. King, 1087; + 1109. 



3. Henry I., surnamed Beaucleuc, King, 1109 ; 
+ 1135. 

, A 

Matilda, declared Heiress of the throne, 1127; 
+ 1186; married, 1. Henry V., Emperor of 
Germany, + 1125; 2. Geofrey Plantagenet, Count 
of Anjou, 1127; founder of the house of Plan- 
tagenet. 

(See Table XXI.) 



Adelaide, 1137; married 

Stephen, Count of Blois. 
. A 



4. Stephen, King, 1135; +1154. 



IV 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES 17 



TABLE XXL] 



Kings of England of the House of Plantagenet. 



Matilda, daughter of King Henry I., (see Table XX.) declared Heiress of the throne of England, 1127; -f- 1167 ; married Geoffrey, surnamed Plantagenet, 

Count of Anjou; -\- 1151. 



5. Henry II., King, 1154; f 1189 



married Eleanor of Poitou, divorced hy Louis VII. 
, a ; 



and Heiress of Poitou and Gascony, 1152. 



6, Richard I., called Cckur de Lion, King, 1189; 1199. 



7. John, called Lack-Land, King, 1199 ; •{• 1216. 



Henry III., King, 1216 ; f 1272. 

A 



Richard, elected Emperor of Germany, 1257 ; 1272. 



9. Edward I., surnamed Longshanks, King, 1272 ; -\- 1307. 

A . , 



Edmund, called the Humpbacked, Earl of Lancaster, 
pret. eldest son, -\- 1296. 



10. Edward II., King, 1307 ; f 1327; married Isabella, daughter 
of Philip the Fair, King of France. 



Henry, Earl of 



Lancaster, 
,a 



f 1345. 



11. 



Edward III., King, J327 ; f 1377. 

A , _ 



Edward the Black, 
Prince of Wales, 
f 1376. 



William Lionel, 
Duke of Clarence, 
•j- 1368. 



John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, \ 1399 ; 
• married Blanche, first Heiress of the rights 
of Lancaster. 

. A . 



12. Richard II. King, 
1377; deposed 1399; 
\ 1400. 



Philippa of Clarence, 
married Edmund 
Mortimer, 1368. 

, A ^ 

Roger Mortimer^ de- 
clared Heir to the 
crown, 1385; f 1399. 

, A v 

Anne Mortimer, first 
Heiress of the rights 
of Lionel ; married 
Richard, Earl of 
Cambridge, son of 
Edmund Duke of 
York, and grandson 
of King Edward III., 

FOUNDER of the 

White Rose. 



13. Henry IV., 
King, 1399 ; f 
1413. 

A 



John Beaufort, na- 
tural son, adopted ; 
f 1410. 



Henry, surnamed Grismond, Earl of Lancaster, 1361. 

Blanche, first Heiress 
of the rights of Lan- 
caster, -j- 1369; mar- 
ried John of Gaunt, 
third son of Edward 
III., founder of the 
Red Rose. 



Edmund,T)\ike 
of York, f 
1402. 

A 



14. Henry V., King, 
1413, f 1422 ; married 
Catharine of France, 
daughter of Charles VI. 



John Beaufort, Duke 
of Somerset, -j-1444. 



15. Henry VI., King 
of England and 
France, 1422 ; killed 
1472. 



Margaret Beaufort, 
•j* 1509, second Heir- 
ess of the rights of 
Lancaster ; married 
Edmund Tudor, 
Earl of Richmond, 
FouNDERof the house 
of Tudor. (See Ta- 
ble XXII.) 



Richard, Earl of Cambridge, 
•j- 1415; married Anne Morti- 
mer, first Heiress of the rights 
of Lionel, Duke of Clarence. 

( A ( 

Richard, Duke of York, Pro- 
tector, 1455 ; + 1460. 

1 

16. Edward IV., 
King, 1461, and 
1472; f 1483. 



1 8 . Richard III.,King, 1 483 ; 
killed at the battle of Bos- 
worth, 1485. 



17. Edward V., 
King, 1483; killed 
1483. 



Elizabeth, second Heiress of 
the rights of Lionel, Duke 
of Clarence ; married Henry 
VII.,KingofEngland. (See 
Table XXII.) 



TABLE XXII.] 



Kings of England of the House of Tudor. 



Margaret Beaufort, second Heiress of the rights of Lancaster, or of the Red Rose, (see Table XXI.) -f- 1509 ; married Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, 

son of Owen Tudor and of Queen Catharine of Valois, widow of King Henry V. 

,_ . , A 

19. Henry VII., surnamed Tudor, King, after the victory of Bosworth, 1485 ; 1509 ; married Elizabeth, daughter of King Edward IV., second Heiress 

of the rights of York, or of the White Rose, I486. (See Table XXI.) 

, A , . 



Arthur, Prince of 
Wales, •{• 1502; mar- 
ried Catharine of 
Arragon. 



3Iargaret,bovn\A89 ; mar- 
ried James IV. (Stuart) 
King of Scotland, foun- 
der of the house of 
Stuart. 
(See Table XXIII.) 



20. Henry VIII., born 1495; King, 1509; f 1547; 
married, 1. Catharine of Arragon, daughter of 
Ferdinand the Catholic, and widow of his brother, 
1509; divorced, 1533; 2. Anne Boleyn, 1533; 
beheaded, 1536; 3. Jane Seymour, 1536; in 
child-birth, 1537. 
— A , 



22. Mary, born 1516 ; Queen, 1553 ; 
•}• 1558 ; married Philip II, King of 
Spain, 1554. 



23. Elizabeth, born 1533; 
Queen, 1558; 1603. 



21. Edward VI., bom 1537 
King, 1547; f 1553. 



Mary, born 1498; f 1533 ; 
married, 1. Louis XII, King 
of France, 1514; •{• 1515; 2. 
Charles Brandon, Duke of 
Suffolk, 1517. 

1 



Prances Brandon, •}- 1563 ; married 
Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, 
Duke of Suffolk, beheaded 1554. 

, A 

Jane Grey, born 1537; proclaimed 
Queen, 1553 ; beheaded, 1554; 
married, 1553, Guilford Dudley, son 
of John, Duke of Northumberland ; 
beheaded, 1554. 



D 



13 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE XXIII.] 



Kings of Great Britain of the House of Stuart. 



Margaret Tudor, eldest daughter of King Henry VII., (see Table XXII.) «f- 1539 ; married James IF., King of Scotland, of the house of Stuart, 1 5 03 • 

•j- 1513. 

; A 



James 



V., King of Scotland, 1542; married, 1. Magdalen, daughter of Francis I., King of France, 1536; + 1537 ; 2. Mary of Lorraine, daughter of 

Claud, Duke of Guise, 1538 ; f 1560. 



Mary Stuart, born 1542 ; Queen of Scotland, 1542 ; of France, 1559 ; beheaded at London, 15S7 ; married, 1. Francis II., King of France, 1559 ; -\- 1560; 

2. Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, 1564 ; assassinated, 1567. 
, -A 

2 

24. James I. (VI.) born 1566 ; King of Scotland, 1567 ; of England, 1603 ; takes the title of King of Great Britain, 1604 ; -J- 1625 ; married Anne of 

Denmark, -|- 1619. 

, i . A - 



Elizabeth, born 1596 ; 1661 ; mar- 
ried Frederic F., Elector Palatine. 
, - A , 

Sophia, born 1630; declared Heiress 
to the throne of England, 1701 ; 

18th June, 1714 ; married Er- 
nest-Augustus, first Elector of Ha- 
nover, 1658 ; founder of the 
house of Hanover. 

(See Table XXIV.) 



25. Charles I., born 1609; King of Great Britain, 1625; beheaded 30th January, 1649, old style ; married 

Henrietta-Maria, daughter of Henry IV., King of France, 1625 ; •{• 1669. 
. \ . 



26. Charles II., born 1630; 
King of Great Britain, pro- 
claimed 18th May, 1660 ; 

1685 ; married Catharine, 
daughter of John IV., King 
of Portugal. 



Mary, born 1631 ; 
1661 ; married 
William II., Prince 
of Orange, 1641. 



27. James II., bom 1633; 
King, 1685; dethroned, 
1689 j f 1701 ; married, 
1. Anne Hyde, 1660; f 
1671 ; 2. Mary of Mo- 
dena, 1673. 

A 



Henrietta-Maria, born 
1644; f 1670; mar- 
ried Philip I., Duke 
of Orleans, 1661, 



28. William III., Prince of 
Orange, born 1650 ; pro- 
claimed King of Great Bri- 
tain with his consort, 1689 ; 
•}• 1702 ; married Mary, 
daughter of King James II., 
1677 ; f 1695. 



28. Mary, born 1662, 29. Anne, born James- 

proclaimed Queen 1665 ; Queen, Edward- 

with her husband, 1702 ; 12th Francis, 

1689; f 1695 ; August, 1714; Pretender, 

mar. William III., married George, 

Prince of Orange, Pr. of Denmark, 

1677; •}• 1702. 1683; f 1708. 



TABLE XXIV.] 



Kings of Great Britain of the House of Hanover. 



Sophia, daughter of Frederic V., Elector Palatine, and of Elizabeth of England, (see Table XXIII.) born 1630 ; declared Heiress to the throne of England* 
1701; \ 18th June, 1714; married Ernest-Augustus, first Elector of Hanover, 1658; «f- 1698. 

A ^ 

30. George I., born 1660; Elector, 1698; King of Great Britain, 1714 ; •f-1727; married Sophia-Dorothea, Princess of Brunswick-Zeli, 1658; -J* 1726. 

f A* — _ , ^ 

31. George II., born 1683; King, 1727; \ 1760; married Wilhelmina-Dorothea- Charlotte, Princess of Brandeuburg-Anspach, 1705 ; \ 1737. 

A . 



Frederick- Lewis, born 1707; Prince of Wales, 1727 ; -\- 1751; married 

Augusta, Princess of Saxe-Gotha, 1736 ; 1772. 
A 



William-Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, 
born 1721 ; \ 1765. 



Augusta - Frederica, born 1737; 

tl808; married Charles- William- 
erdinand, hereditary Prince of 
Brunswick, 1764; reigning Duke, 
1780: -b 1806. 



32. George III., born 1738 ; 
King, 1760; f 1820; mar- 
ried Sophia-Charlotte, Prin- 
cess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 
1761; •{• 1818. 



William- Henry, Duke of Gloucester, 
born 1743; -f- 1805; married 
Mary, daughter of Edward Wal- 
pole, 1766 ; + 1807. 



Henry- Frederick, Duke of Cum- 
berland, born 1746; -f- 1790; 
married Anne, daughter of 
Simon Luttrell, Earl of Car- 
hampton, 1771 ; f 1787. 



Sophia-Matilda, born 
1773. 



William- Frederick,Duke of Glou- 
cester, born 1776; married Mary, 
daughter of George III., 1816. 



33. George 
IV. b. 1762; 
King, 1820; 
-f- June 26, 
1830;m.Ca- 
roline- Ame- 
lia, Princess 
of Bruns- 
wick - Wol- 
fenbuttel, 
1795; \ 
1821. 



Frederic, D. 
of Y"ork,born 
1763 ; \ 
1827 ; mar- 
ried Frede- 
rica^ daugh- 
ter of Frede- 
ric William 
II., King 
of Prussia, 
1791; -\ 
1820. 



34 William 
IV.(William 
Henry Duke 
of Clarence) 
born 1765 ; 
mar .Amelia, 
daughter of 
the Duke of 
Saxe - Mein- 
ingen, 1818; 
King, 1830. 



Vf. 



20. 



Charlotte- Edward - 
Augusta - Augustus,T). 
Matilda, ofKent,born 
b. 1766; 1767; + 
f 1828; 1820 ; mar- 
married ried Fictoria 
Frederick Princess of 
Duke of Saxe - Co - 
Wirtem - bourg,1818. 
berg 1797, 
King of 
Wirtem - 
bergl806. 



Augusta- 
Sophia, 
b. 1768. 



Elizabeth 
b. 1770 ; 
married 
Augustus- 
Frederick, 
Prince of 
Hesse - 
Homburg 
1818. 



Ernest- Au- Augustus- Adolphus - Mary, b. 
gustus,Duke Frederick, Frederick, 1776; m. 
of Cumber- DukeofSus- D. of Cam- the Duke 
land, born sex, b. 1773; bridge, born of Glou- 
1771; mar- married La- 1774; mar- cester, 
ried Frede- dy Augusta riedCaroline 1816. 
rica - Caro - Murray, Princess of 
line-Sophia, 1793. (The Hesse-Cas- 
daughter of marriage an- sel, 1818. 
the Duke of nulled.) 
Mecklen- 
burg- Stre - 
litz, and 
widow of the 
Pr.of Salms, 
1815. 



Sophia, Amelia, 
b.1777. b.1783, 
f 1811 



X 



Charlotte- Ca- 
roline.b.1796 ; 
fNov.6,1817, 
mar.l SI 6, Leo- 
pold - George, 
b. 1790, Pr. of 
Saxe-Cobourg. 



Alexandrina- 
Fictoria, bom 



24th May, 1819. 



George- George- Matilda- George- Augusta- 
Frederick, Augustus, Charlotte, William, Caroline, 
born 1819. b. 1794. b. 1801. b. 1819. b. 1822. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



13 



TABLE XXV.] Czars and Emperors of Russia of the House of Romanov. 



55. Michael Fedorovitch Romanov, elected Czar, 1613; -f- 1645. 
A. , 



56. Alexis Michaelovitch, Czar, 1645 ; 
a 



•f- 1676. 



57. Feodor Alexie- 
vitch, Czar, 1676; 
-\- 1682. 



53. Sophia, Co-regent 
and Autocrat, 1686 ; 
imprisoned, 1689 ; •}• 
1704. 



58. Ivan V. 
Alexievitch, 
proclaimed Czar 
1682; f 1696. 
A_ , 



Catharine Ivanovna, 4- 1733; mar- 
ried Charles-Leopold, Duke of 
Mecklenburgh, 1716. 

( a 

Catharine-Christina, takes the name 
of Anne, 1 732 ; grand Duchess and 
Regent, 1740; exiled and impri- 
soned, 1741 ; \ 1746 ; married 
Antony- U/ric, Prince of Brunswick, 
1739; \ 1775. 

A __ 

62. Ivan VI. Antonovitch, born 
23d August, 1 740 ; proclaimed 
Emperor, 18th October, 1740 ; ex- 
iled with his mother, 1741; -\- 1764. 



61. Anne Ivanovna, born 1693; 
elected Empress of Russia, 1730; 
•{■1740; married Frederic-William, 
Duke of Courland, 1710; 1711. 



58. Peter I. Alexievitch, called the Great, born 1672 ; Czar, 
1682; takes the reins of government alone, 1689; Emperor of 
Russia, 1721 ; 1725 ; married, 1. Eudocia Fedorovna Lapouchin, 
divorced 1696 ; Ar 1731 ; 2. 59. Catharine I. Alexievna, 
crowned Empress, 1724; succeeds her husband, 1725 ; 1727. 

A 



Alexis Petrovitch, born 1690; 
•f* 1718 ; married Charlotte, 
Princess of Brunswick-Blanck- 
enburgh, 1711^; f 1715. 

60. Peter II. Alexievitch, 
born 1715; Emperor of Rus- 
sia, 1727; f 1730. 



Anne Petrovna 
born 1708; •}• 
1728. 

(See Table 
XXVI.) 



63. Elizabeth 
Petrovna, b. 
1709 ; Empress 
of Russia by the 
dep. of Ivan VI. 
5th December, 
1741; f 5thJa- 
nuary, 1762. 



TABLE XXVI.] Emperors of Russia of the House of Oldenburg, or of Holstein-Gottorp. 

Anne Petrovna, daughter of Peter the Great and of Catharine I., (see Table XXV.) born 1708 ; -\ 1728 ; married Charles-Frederic, Duke of Holstein 

Gottorp, 1725 ; 4- 1739. 

. A , 



64. Peter III. Fedorovitch, born 1728; declared grand Duke and Heir to the throne, 1742 ; Emperor, 5th January, 1762 ; dethroned, 9th July ; •fl4th 

July, 1762; married 

65. Catharine II. Alexievna, Princess of Anhalt-Zerbst, born 1729 ; proclaimed Empress of Russia, 9th July, 1762 ; •}■ 17th November, 1796. 

, A , 

66. Paul Petrovitch, born 1754 ; Emperor of Russia, 17th November, 1796 ; 24th March, 1801 ; married, 1. Natalia Alexievna, Princess of Hesse- 
Darmstadt, 1773; f 1776; 2. Mary Fedorovna, Princess of Wirtemberg-Montbeliard, born 1759. 



67. Alexander Paulovitch, 
born 23d December, 1777; Em- 
peror of Russia, 1801 ; •[•1825; 
married Elizabeth Alexievna, 
daughter of Charles-Lewis, 
hereditary Prince of Baden, 
born 1779; f 1826. 



Constantine Paulo- 
vitch, born 8th May, 
1779 ; married Anne 
Fedorovna, Princess 
of Saxe - Cobourg, 
bom 1781. 



_a_ 

2 

Mary Paulovna, 
born 1786, mar- 
ried Charles- 
Frederick, here- 
ditary Prince of 
Saxe - Weimar, 
1805. 



Elizabeth, born 15th November, 
1806; f 1808. 



Catharine Pau- 
lovna, b. 1788; 
•j. 1819; mar- 
ried, 1. George, 
(Peter-Frederic) 
Prince of Hol- 
stein-Oldenburg 
1809; 2. 1816, 
William, King 
of Wirtemberg. 



AnnaPaulovna, 
b. 1795; mar. 
1816, Wil- 
liam, Prince 
of Orange,son 
of the King 
of the Nether- 
lands, 



68. Nicholas 
Paulovitch, b. 
1796;mar.l817, 
AlexandraFedo- 
rovna, daughter 
of Frederic Wil- 
liam III., King 
of Prussia, born 
1 798 ; Emperor, 
1825. 
A 



Michael 
Paulovitch, 
born 1798. 



Alexander, 
born 1818. 



Constantine, 
bom 1827. 



20 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE XXVII.] 



Kings of Prussia of the Electoral House of Brandenburg. 



Frederick I., son of the Elector Frederick-William, born 1G57 ; Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia, 1688 ; first King of Prussia crowned 18th 
January, 1701 ; -\- 25th February, 1713 ; married, 2. Sophia-Charlotte, Princess of Brunswick-Lunenburg, 1684 ; f 1705. 



Frederick-William I., born 1688; King of Prussia and Elector of Brandenburg, 1713; 



George-Lewis, Elector of Hanover, 



1706 



; f 21st: 
; -f 1757. 



May, 1 740 ; married Sophia-Dorothea, daughter of 



Frederick II., surnamed the Great, 
born 24th January, 1712; King of 
Prussia and Eleclor, 1740; f 17th 
August, 1786; married E/izabcth- 
Christina, Princess of Brunswick-Lu- 
nenburg, 1733; f 1797. 

Frederick- William II., born 25th Septem- 
ber, 1744; Prince Royal, 1758; King of 
Prussia and Elector, 1786 ; 16th Novem- 
ber, 1797 ; married, 1. Elizabeth-Christina- 
Ulrica, Princess of Brunswick-Wolfenbiittel, 
1765; separated, 1769 ; 2. Freda tea- Louisa, 
daughter of Lewis IX., Landgrave of Hesse- 
Darmstadt, 1769; -f- 1805. 



Augustus - William, Prince 
Royal of Prussia, born 1722, 
•j- 1758; married Louisa- 
Amelia, Princess of Bruns- 
wick-Lunenburg, 1 742 ; 4- 
1780. 

A ( 

Frederiea - Sophia - 
Wilhelnuna, born 
1751 ; mar. Wil- 
liam V., Prince of 
Orange, and Stadt- 
holdcr, 1767. 



Hennj, Prince of Prussia, 
born 1726; \ 1802 at 
Rhinesburg ; married Wil- 
helmina, Princess of Hesse- 
Cassel, 1752. 



Ferdinand, Prince of Prussia, born 
1730; married Anne - Elizabeth- 
Louisa, daughter of Frederick-Wil- 
liam, Margrave of Brandenburg- 
Schwedt, 1755. 



Frederick - Chris - 
tian-Lcwis, born 
1772 ; killed 10th 
October, 1806. 



Frederick- William- 
Henrij - Augustus, 
born 1779. 



Frederiea - Louisa - 
Dorothea, born 
1770 ; married An- 
tomj, Prince Rad- 
zivil, 1796. 



Frederiea - Char- 
lotte - Ulrica - 
Elronora, born 
1767 ; married 
Frederi cli, Duke 
of York, 1791 ; 
+ 1820. 



Frederick -Willi am 
III., born 3d August, 
1770 ; Prince Royal, 
1786 ; King and 
Elector, 1797 ; mar- 
ried Louisa, daugh- 
ter of Charles, Duke 
of Mecklenburg-Stre- 
litz, 1793 ; + 1810. 



Fred erick - William, 
Prince Royal, born 
15th Oct. 1795. 



Frederick- II iiliam- 
Lewis, born 22nd 
March, 1797. 



Lewis, Prince of 
Prussia, born 17 73, 
•{■ 1796 ; married 
Frederiea, daugh- 
ter ofCy«!'Ye.v,Duke 
of Mecklenburg- 
Strelitz, 1793. 



Frederick-William- 
Lewis, born 1794. 



Frederiea- Louisa 
born 1774 : mar- 
ried William - 
Frederick of 
Nassau-Orange, 
Prince of Fulda, 
1791. 



Frederiea, 
born 1 796. 



Frederiea - Chris- 
tina-Augusta, b. 
1 780 ; married 
William, Prince 
of Hesse-Cassel, 
1797. 



Frederick - Charles- 
Henry, bom 1781 ; 
married Louis i- 
Charlotte, daugh- 
ter of Frederick, 
hereditary Prince 
of Denmark, 1804. 



Frederick - Wil- 
liam-Charles, b. 
1783 ; married 
Marianne, Prin- 
cess of Hesse- 
Homhurg,1804. 



Caroline- Amelia- 
Wilhelmina, b. 
1805. 



Frederiea - Louisa- Char- 
lotte, born 1798 ; mar- 
ried Nicholas Paulo- 
vitch, son of Paul, 
Emperor of Russia, 
1817. 



Frederick - Charles- 
Alexander, born 
29th June, 1801. 



Frederica- 
Wilhelmina, 
born 1803. 



Louisa- Augusta- 
Wilhelmina, 
bom 1808. 



Frederick - 
Henry -Albert, 
born 1809. 



TABLE XXVIII.] 



Dukes of Brunswick-Lunenburg, and Electors of Hanover. 



William, youngest son of Ernest, called the Confessor, born 1535 ; Duke of Lunenburg-Zell, 1569; \ 1592; married Dorothea, daughter of 

Christian III., King of Denmark, 1561. 



Ernest, born 1564 ; Duke 
of Lunenburg-Zell, 1592; 
\ 1611. 



Christian-Lewis, born 
1622 ; Duke of Lunen- 
burg-Calenberg, 1641; 
Duke of Zell, 1648; 
\ 1665. 



Christian, born 1566 ; Bishop 
of Minden, 1599; Duke of 
Lunenburg-Zell, 1611; \ 
1633. 



Augustus, called the eldest, born 
1568 ; Bishop of Razeberg, 
1610 ; Duke of Lunenburg- 
Zell, 1633; \ 1636. 



Frederic, born 1 5 74 ; 
Duke of Lunen- 
burg-Zell, 1636; 
•f- 1648. 



George, born 1582 ; Duke 
of Lunenburg-Calenberg, 
1636 ; •{- 1641. 

i 



George-William, born 
1624 ; Duke of Lunen- 
burg-Zell, 1648; f 
170o. 



John-Frederic, born 
1625; Duke of Lu- 
nenburg - Calenberg, 
1665 ; f 1679. 



Ernest-Augustus, born 1629 ; Bishop of Osnabruck, 1661 ; 
Duke of Lunenburg-Calenberg, 1679 ; first Elector of his 
house, 1692; •j-1698; married Sophia, daughter of Frederick V., 
Elector Palatine, and Elizabeth of England, declared heir to the 
throne of Great Britain, 1701 ; f 1714. 



George-Lewis (George I.) born 1660; Elector of Hanover, 
1698; inherits the Duchy of Lunenburg-Zell, 1705; King of 
Great Britain in right of his mother, 1714. (See Table XXIV.) 



21 



TABLE XXIX.] Sovereign Princes op Milan of the House of Visconti, from Otho III. to Barnabas Visconti, 

1261—1385. 



Eliprand, Viscount of Milan, \ 1065 ; married Beatrice, daughter of Marquis Azo. 

, , A ( 

Otho Viscount of Milan, 1111; married Lucretia, daughter of Count Hugues. 

, _ A 



Guy, Count, called discount or Visconti of Milan about 1 142 ; married Alice of Geneva. 

. A 



Azo, called Viscount of Milan, 1138. 



Otho II. Visconti, Consul of Milan, 1162; married Aldegard, daughter of Marquis Anselm. 
A , 



Roger Visconti, Consul of Milan. 



Hubert Visconti, Consul of Milan, 1206 ; married Anastatia de Pirovane. 
, A 

I. Otho III. Visconti, Arch- 
bishop of Milan, 1261 ; sove- 
reign Prince of Milan, 1271; 
f 4th April, 1295. 



Eliprand, Bishop of Verceil, 1208 ; f 1213. 



John Visconti. 

, _A 



Andreotto Visconti, Prince of 
Massino, married Fiorina, 
daughter of Ruffino Man- 
delli. 

A 



Azo Visconti, 



Hubert Visconti, Bishop of 
Ventimille, 1265. 



Hubert Visconti. 



Thibald Visconti, General to the 
Archbishop Otho, his uncle ; 
killed, 1274; married Anasta- 
tia Pirovane. 

, A 



Gaspard 
Visconti. 



Peter Visconti, founder of the 
House of the Viscontis of Al- 
bizato, Gropello, and Brema ; 
Count of Arona andCarbonara. 



Thibald Visconti, bora 1210; 
elected Pope by the name of 
Gregory X., 1271 ; f 1276. 



Visconti, Prsetor 
of Rome. 



2. Mathew I. Visconti, called the Great, born 
12-50 ; imperial Vicar, and sovereign Prince of 
Milan, 1284 ; f 24th June, 1322 ; married Bona- 
cosa, daughter of Squerino Burri, 1269 ; about 
1321. 

, A 

3. GaleasI.Visconti, 
sovereign Prince of 
Milan, bom 1277 ; 
•f 1328; mar. Bea- 
trice of Esle, daugh- 
ter of Azo, Margrave 
of Ferrara, 1301; 
•f 1334. 



Agnes Visconti, 
married./o/«rc //., 
Count of Saint 
Martin. 



Hubert Visconti, founder 
of the House of the Vis- 
counts of Rozano, Va- 

jano, and S. Alessandro. 



Beatrice Visconti, 
married Odoardo, 
Lord of Pirovane. 



John Visconti, 
Cardinal of St. 
Sabina, 1275; 
•f- 1278. 



Mark 
Visconti, 
general ; 
killed 
1321. 



Catharine, 
mar. Bar- 
tholomew 
de la Scala, 
Lord of Ve- 
rona. 



Sacharina, 
mar. Otto- 
rin- Rusca, 
Lord of Co- 
mo, 1301. 



5. LuchinoVis- 
conti, sove- 
reign Prince of 
Milan, 1339 ; 
•f- 1349 ; mar- 
ried Isabella 
Fiesca. 



6. John Viscon- 
ti, Cardinal, 
1328 ; Arch- 
bishop of Mi- 
lan, 1334 ; so- 
vereign Prince 
of'Milan, 1349, 
f 1354. 



Florimonda, 
mar. Guy 
Mandelli. 



Stephen Vis- 
conti, j- 1327; 
married Va- 
lentino Doria, 
1318. 



4. Azo Visconti, so- 
vereign Prince of 
Milan, born 1302; f 
1339, without legiti- 
mate children ; mar- 
ried Catharine of 
Savoy, daughter of 
Lewis II. of Savoy, 
Baron deVaud, 1333. 



Mathew II. Visconti, sovereign 
Prince of Milan, 1354; f 1356, 
without male issue ; married 
Liliola Gonzagua, daughter of 
Philip, Margrave of Mantua. 



8. Galeas II. Visconti, sovereign Prince of 
Milan with his brother Barnabas, 1356 ; 

1378 ; married Blanche of Savoy, daugh- 
ter of Aymon, Count of Savoy, 1350, 4- 1387. 
(See Table XXX.) 



9. Barnabas Visconti, sovereign 
Prince of Milan with his brother 
Galeas II. 1356 ; poisoned 1385 , 
married Beatrice de la Scala. 
daughter of Mastino, Lord of 
Verona, mother of fifteen chil- 
dren. 



Mark Visconti, f 1382. 

Virida, married Leopold III., Duke 
of Austria, 1365. 

Anglesia, betrothed to Frederic, 
Burg-grave of Nuremburg. 

Magdalen, -\- 1404 ; married Fre- 
, deric, Duke of Bavaria, 1382. 



Lewis, born 1358 ; Lord of Lodi, 
■j- 1385 ; mar. Jolanthe, daughter 
of Galeas II. 

Thaddea, 1381 ; married Ste- 
phen, Duke of Bavaria, 1364. 

Valeniina, '\ 1393; married Peter 
II., King of Cyprus, 1378. 

Elizabeth, married Ernest, Duke 
of Bavaria, 1393. 



Rodolph,liord of Bergamo, 1385. 

Agnes, 1397 ; married Francis 
Gonzagua, Marquis of Mantua. 

Antoinetta, 1405 ; married Ever- 
hard III., Count of Wurtemberg. 

Lucy Visconti, -j- 1424; married 
Edmund Holland, Earl of Kent, 
1432. 



Charles, Lord of Parma, married, 
1. Margaret, daughter of Peter, 
King of Cyprus ; 2. Beatrice, 
daughter of John II., Count of 
Armagnac. 

Mastino Visconti, Lord of Bresse, 
married Antoinetta de la Scala. 

Catharine, 1404; married John 
Galeas, Duke of Milan, 1380. 



22 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES 



TABLE XXX.] Dukes of Milan of the Houses of Visconti and Sforza, from John Galeas, first Duke of Milan, 

to their Extinction, 1385 — 1535, 

Galeas II. Visconti, younger son of Stephen Visconti, -\- 1378. (See Table XXIX.) 
. . 



10. John Gai.eas Visconti, born 1347 ; sovereign Prince of Milan, 
1378 and 1385 ; created Duke of Milan by the Emperor Wenceslaus, 
1395 ; 4- 1402 ; married, 1. Isabella, daughter of John II., King of 
France, 1365; •{• 1372; 2. Catharine, daughter of Barnabas Visconti, 
1380; f 15th October, 1404. 



Jolanthe Fiseonti, -\- 1382; married, I, Lionel, Duke of Cla- 
rence, 1368 ; 4- the same year; 2. Ot/w, Margrave of Mont- 
ferrat ; 3. Lewis Fiseonti, Lord of Lodi. 



Falenlina of Milan, born 1368 ; 

1408; married Louis, Duke 
of Orleans, 1389; \ 1407. 



Isabella of Milan, mar- 
ried Gentil Farani, Lord 
of Camerino. 



11. John Maria Anglus, born!3S8 ; 
Duke of Milan, 1402; assassinated, 
1412, without children; married 
Antoinetta Malalesta, daughter of 
Sigismond, Lord of Rimini, 1408. 



12. Philip Maria Anglus, born 1392; 
Duke of Milan, 1412; 4- 1447; mar- 
ried, 1. Beatrice of Tende, 1412; be- 
headed, 1418; 2. Mary, daughter of 
Amadeus VII., Duke of Savoy, 1427; 
3. Agnes de Maino. 
A 



Charles, Duke of Orleans, b. 1391 ; lays claim 
to the Duchy of Milan, 1447; f 1465. 



Bianca Maria, natural daughter, born 1425; 1468; married, 
13. Francis I. Sforza, Duke of Milan, 1450 ; -f 8th March, 1466. 



Louis XII., King of France, 
born 1462 ; takes possession 
of the Duchy of Milan, 1500; 
•{• 1515. 



14. Galeas Maria Sforza, born 1444 ; Duke of Milan, 
1466; assassinated, 1476 ; married, 1. Dorothea Gun- 
zagua, daughter of Lewis, Margrave of Mantua, 1 466 ; 
*{• 1468 ; 2. Bonne of Savoy, daughter of Louis, Duke 
of Savoy, 1468; + 1485. 
. a . , 



17. Ludovico Maria Sforza, called the Moor, bom 1451; 
appointed Duke of Milan by the Emperor, 1494 ; deposed 
by Louis XII., and carried prisoner info France, 1500 ; 
•f 1508; married Beatrice of Est e, daughter of Hercules 
I., Duke of Ferrara, 1491 ; f 1497. 



15. John Galeas Sforza, born 1469; Duke of Milan, 1476; 
»j- 1494 ; married Isabella, daughter of Alphonso II., King of 
Naples, 1489; f 1524. 

, S\ 

16. Francis Sforza, b. 1490 ; deposed by his great uncle Ludovico, 
called the Moor, carried into France, Abbe of Noirmontier, 1504; 

1512. 



18. Maximilian Sforza, born 
1491; Duke of Milan, restored 
by the Swiss, 1512; again de- 
posed by the French, 1515; -J- at 
Paris, 1530. 



19. Francis II. Sforza, born 1493; 
re-established in the duchy of Milan, 
1521 and 1529; .f- 1535, without chil- 
dren ; married Christina, daughter of 
Christian II., King of Denmark, 1534; 
1590. 



TABLE XXXI.] 



Dukes of Modena and Ferrara of the House of Este. 

Nicholas, Margrave of Este and Ferrara, Lord of Modena, of Reggio, &c, 1441. 
— . a 



1. Borso ok Este, created Duke of Modena by the Emperor Frederic III., 1452; 
and Duke of Ferrara by Pope Paul II., 1470 ; f 1471. 



2. Hercules I., Duke of Modena and Ferrara, 1471 ; -\< 1505 ; married 
Elconora, daughter of Ferdinand, King of Naples, 1473. 



3. Alphonso I., Duke of Modena and Ferrara, 1505 ; -\- 1 534 ; married, 1 . Anna Sforza, of Milan ; 2. Lucretia 
Borgia, daughter of Pope Alexander VI., 1501 ; \ 1520; 3. Laura, daughter of a citizen of Ferrara. 



Hippolyto of Este, Cardinal, 
1493 ; -\- 1520. 



4. Hercules II , Duke of Modena and Ferrara, 1534 ; •{• 1558 ; married Rente, daughter 
of King Louis XII., 1528. 

- A ( 

Anne, born 1531 ; married, 1. Francis of 
Lorraine, Duke of Guise, 1548; 2. 
James of Savoy, Duke of Nemours, 
1566. 



5. Alphonso II., Duke of Modena and 
Ferrara, 1558; -j- 1597, without issue. 



Alphonso of Este, Margrave of Montecchio. 
1^ 



6. Cesar ok Este, Duke of Modena, on the death of 
Duke Alphonso II., his cousin, 1597 ; deprived of the 
duchy of Ferrara by the Pope, who re-unites it to the 
domain of the church ; •(* 1628; married Virginia, daugh- 
ter of Cosmo I., grand Duke of Tuscany, 1586. 



7. Alphonso III., Duke of Modena, 1628 ; resigns and becomes monk, 1629 ; -\- 1644 ; married Isabella of Savoy. 

A . — . ^ 



8. Francis I., Duke of Modena, 1629 : 1658 ; married, 1. Maria Farnese, daughter of Rainuce, Duke of Parma, 1646 ; 2. Fictoria Farnese, sister of 
Maria, 1648; •{- 1649; 3. Lucretia Barberini, daughter of the Prince of Palestrine, 1654. 



9. Alphonso IV., Duke of Modena, 1658; -f- 1662; married 

Laura Martinozzi. 
A 



11. Renaud, Cardinal, 1686; Duke of Modena on the death of Duke Francis II., 1694; 
•f- 1737; married Charlotte Felicite, daughter of John Frederic, Duke of Hanover, 1696. 



10. Francis II., Duke of 
Modena, 1662; + 1694, 
without issue. 



Maria-Beatrice-Eleonora, born 
1658 ; married James, Duke 
of York, 1673. 



12. Francis III. Maria, Duke of Modena, 
1737; *f- 1780; married Charlotte, daugh- 
ter of Philip II., Duke of Orleans, 1720. 

I 



Henrietta of Este, born 1702; married, 
1. Antony-Francis, Duke of Parma, 
1728; 2. Leopold, Prince of Darm- 
stadt, 1740. 



13. Hercules III. Renaud, born 1727; Duke of Modena, 1780; loses his 
duchy by the peace of Luneville, 1801 ; -J- 1803 ; married Maria-Theresa 
Cwo Malaspina, Heiress of Massa and Carrara, 1741 ; •{> 1790. 



Maria-Theresa- Felicite', 1754; 
married Joseph-Maximilian, Duke 
of Penthievre, 1744; +1791. 



Fortuna-Maria, -f- 1803; married 
Louis-Francis-Joseph, Prince of 
Conti, 1750. 



Maria-Beatrice, Heiress of Modena, Massa, and Carrara, born 1750; married Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria; 1771, Duke of Modena Brisgau, by the 

cession of his father- in-law, 1803 ; -j- 1806. 



Theresa, born 1773; mar- 
ried Fictor Emanuel I., 
King of Sardinia, 1789. 



Leopoldine, born 1776 ; 
married Charles-Theodore, 
King of Bavaria, 1795; 
\ 1799. 



Francis, Archduke of 
Austria, born 1779. 



Maximilian, Archduke 
of Austria, born 1782. 



Louisa, born 1 787 ; mar- 
ried Francis!., Emperor 
of Austria, 1808. 



GENEALOGICAI TABLES. 



TABLE XXXII.] 



Dukes of Mantua and Montferrat. 



Francis Gonzagua, Margrave of Mantua, 1484 ; 4^ 1519. 

a , 



1. Frederic, Margrave of Mantua, 1519 ; created Duke of Mantua by the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 
1530; -f- 1540; married Margaret, daughter and heiress of William IX., Margrave of Montferrat, 1531. 

A : 

2. Francis I., Duke of Mantua, and Mar- 
grave of Montferrat, 1540; -f 1550 ; mar- 
ried Catharine, daughter of the Emperor 
Ferdinand I., 1549. 



Ferdinand Gonzagua, founder of the House 
of the Dukes of Guastalla, extinct in 1746. 



3. William, Duke of Mantua, and Margrave of 
Montferrat, 1550; created Duke of Montferrat, 
1573; \ 1587 ; married Eleanor, daughter of 
the Emperor Ferdinand I., 1561. 



Lewis Gonzagua, born 1538 ; Duke of Nevers, in 
right of his wife, 1565 ; 4/ 1595; mar. Henrietta, 
daughter of Francis I., Duke of Nevers, 1565 ; 
heiress of Nevers and Rethel. 
a 



4. Vincent I., born 1562; Duke of Mantua and 
of Montferrat, 1587; 1612; married Eleanor, 
daughter of Francis, grand Duke of Tuscany, 
1584. 

A 



Anna- Catharina, 1620 ; married 
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 
of the branch of Tyrol, 1582. 



5. Francis II., born 1586; Duke of 
Mantua and Montferrat, 1612; 
1612; married Margaret, daughter of 
Charles-EmanuelDuke of Savoy,l 608. 
a ( 

Maria, born 1609 ; 1660; married 
Charles, Prince of Nevers, 1627. 



6. Ferdinand, born 1587 ; 
Duke of Mantua and 
Montferrat,1612; f 1626, 
without issue. 



7. Vincent II., born 1594; 
Duke of Mantua and 
Montferrat,1626; f 1627, 
without issue. 



8. Charles I., Duke of Nevers and Rethel, succeeds 
his cousin, Vincent II., in the Duchies of Mantua 
and Montferrat, 1627 ; is supported by France 
against Spain ; 1637. 

A 

9. Charles II., born 1609 ; Duke of Mantua and 
Montferrat, 1627; f 1631; married Maria, 
daughter and heiress of Francis II., Duke of 
Mantua, 1627. 



10. Charles III., born 1629; Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, 1637; 
•j- 1665 ; married Isabella-Clara, Archduchess of Austria. 



Eleanor, born 1630; 1686; mar- 
ried Ferdinand III., Emperor, 1651. 



11. Charles IV, born 1652; Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, 1665 , is deprived of his duchies, and proscribed by the Emperor Leopold I., 1703; 
•}• in exile, 170S. without children; married, 1. Ann-Isabella Gonzagua, daughter of Ferdinand III., Duke of Guastalla, 1670; <{• 1703; 2, Susanna- 
Henrietta, daughter of Charles III., Duke of Elboeuf, 1704 ; f 1710. 



TABLE XXXIII.] Dukes of Florence, and Grand Dukes of Tuscany of the House of Medicis. 



John of Medicis, •}• 1428. 

A 



Cosmo of Medicis, banished, 1433 ; restored, 1434 : 

, A ( 

Pietro of Medicis, 1472; 



f 1465. 



Lorenzo of Medicis, called the Magnificent, 
■\ 1492. 

A 



Pietro of Medicis, b. 1 171 : 
banished from Florence 
f 1504. 

, A 



John of Medicis, born 1475 ; 
Pope by the name of Leo X. 
1512 ; f 1521. 



Lorenzo of Medicis, Duke of Urbino, 
restored at Florence, 1513 ; 4/ 1528 ; 
married Margaret of Boulogne. 



Julian of Medicis, killed, 
1478. 

i A 

Julius, natural son, born 
1478 ; Pope by the name 
of Clement VII., 1523; 
•f- 1534. 



Catharine of Medicis, bom 1519 ; 
4- 1589 ; married Henry II., 
King of France, 1533. 



1. Alexander of Medicis, natural son either of 
Lorenzo or of Pope Clement VII., born 1510 ; 
created first Duke of Florence by the Emperor 
Charles the Fifth, 1531 ; assassinated by his 
cousin Lorenzo, 1537; married Margaret, natural 
daughter of the Emperor Charles the Fifth, 1536. 



Lorenzo of Medicis, 4- 1440. 



Pietro Francis of Medicis, killed, 1474. 
a 



Lorenzo of Medicis. 

, A , 

Lorenzo - Francis, 

Gonfal. of Florence, 

1526. 

A , 

Lorenzo of Medicis, 
assassin of Duke 
Alexander, 1537. 



Julian of Medicis, 1504; 
married Catharine Sforza of 
Milan. 

, A % 

John of Medicis, •{• 1526. 



2. Cosmo of Medicis, born 1519; 
Duke of Florence, 1537; Grand 
Duke of Tuscany, 1569 ; -f 
1574. J ' 

A; 



3. Francis, born 1541; Grand 
Duke of Tuscany, 1574; 
•}■ 1587; married, I.Joanna, 
daughter of the Emperor 
Ferdinandl., 1565; -f-1578; 
2. Bianca Capella. 



4. Ferdinand I., born 1549; 
Grand Duke of Tuscany, 
1587; f 1608; married 
Christina, daughter of 
Charles II., Duke of Lor- 
raine, 1589. 
a . 



5.CosMoII.,bornl590- Grand Duke of Tuscan}', 1608, -f 1621 ; 
married Maria -Magdalen, daughter of the Archduke Charles 
of Austria, 1608. 
A 



6. Ferdinand II, born 1610; Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1621; 4- 1670. 
- A ; ; 



John-Charles, born 1611 ; Cardinal; •{•166!: 



7. Cosmo III., bom 1642; Grand Duke of 
Tuscany, 1670 ; f 1723. 



Francis-Maria, born 1660 ; Cardinal; resigns, 1709; 4/ 1711 ; married Louisa Gonzagua, 
daughter of Vincent, Duke of Guastalla. 



8. John Gaston, born 1671 ; last Grand Duke of his 
house, 1723; 4/ 1737, without children. 



24 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



TABLE XXXIV.] Grand Dukes of Tuscany of the House of Lorraine. 

Francis-Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, 1729; obtains the grand duchy of Tuscany in exchange for his duchy, 1737; elected Emperor, 1745; -\. 1765; 

marries Maria-Theresa of Austria, 1736. 

, A 



Leopold, younger son of the Emperor Francis, aud of Maria-Theresa of Austria, becomes grand Duke of Tuscany at the death of his father 1765 • 

elected Emperor, 17'JO; 1792. 



Ferdinand, younger son of the Emperor Leopold, obtains from his father the grand duchy of Tuscany, 1790 ; gives it up in favour of the house of Parma 
in virtue of the peace of Luneville, 1801 ; and obtains as an indemnity the archbishopric of Saltzberg, with the title of Elector, and afterwards the grand 
duchy of Wertzberg, in virtue of the peace of Presburg, 1805. 



TABLE XXXV.] Dukes of Parma of the House of Farnese. 

Pietro Loris Farnese, natural son of Pope Paul III., created Duke of Parma and Placentia, 1545 ; assassinated, 1547. 

, A . _ . ( 

Octavio Farnese, born 1521 ; Duke of Parma, 1547 ; -j- 1586 ; married Margaret, natural daughter of Emperor Charles V., and widow of Alexander of 

Medicis. 

/ A 

Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1586; a great warrior; governor of the Spanish Netherlands, 1578; -j- 1592. 

A ^ 

Rainlce I. Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1592; -j- 1622. 

, A 

Odoardo I. Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1622; 1646. 
, A. , ____^ 

Rainl ce II. Farnese, Duke of Parma, 1646; 1694. Alexander Farnese, governor of the Spanish Netherlands, 1680; 1689. 



Odoardo II. Farnese, born 1666 ; 1693; 
married Dorothea-Sophia, daughter oi Philip- 
William, Elector Palatine, 1690. 

, A 

Elizabeth, born 1692 ; married Philip I'., King of 
Spain, 1714. 



Francis Farnese, born 1678 ; Duke of 
Parma, 1694; \ 1727 ; married Dorothea- 
Sophia, widow of his brother, 1695. 



Antony-Francis Farnese, born 1679; Duke 
of Parma, 1727 ; 1731, without children; 
married Henrietta-Maria of Modena, 1728. 



TABLE XXXVI.] Dukes of Parma of the House of Bourbon. 



Philip V., King of Spain. 



A 

Charles (Don Carlos), born 1716; Duke of Parma and Placentia on the 
death of Antony Farnese, 1731 ; cedes these duchies to the Emperor by 
the peace of Vienna, 1738, for the kingdoms of the Two Sicilies. 


Philip (Don Philip), born 1720 ; Duke of Parma, Placentia, and Guas- 
talla, in virtue of the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748; «f- 1765 ; married 
Louisa-Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis XV. 
A — | 


Ferdinand, born 1751 ; Duke of Parma, Placentia, and Guastalla, 1765 ; 
•f 1802 ; married Maria-Amelia, daughter of the Emperor Francis L, 
1769. 

A 


Isabella- Louisa, born 1742 ; Louisa-Maria-Theresa, born 1751; 
■j- 1763; married Joseph married Charles IV., King of Spain, 
II., Emperor. 1765. 



Louis, born 1773 ; gives up Parma and Placentia to France by the treaty of Madrid. 1801 ; and receives in Caroline-Maria-Theresa-Josephina, born 

virtue of the peace of Luneville, the grand duchy of Tuscany, with the title of King of Etruria, <\ 1803; mar- 1770 ; \ 1804 ; married Maximilian, 

ried Maria-Louisa, daughter of Charles IV., King of Spain, 1795. Prince of Saxony, 1792. 



Charles Louis, born 1799 ; King of Etruria, under the guardianship of his Maria-Louisa-Charlotte, 
mother, 1803; resigns, 1807. born 1802. 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES. 



25 



TABLE XXXVII.] Chronological List of the Popes from Gregory VII. to the End of the great Western Schism. 



Gregory VII. elected 22<1 April, 1 073, confirmed by the Emperor Henry IV. ; 

+ 25th May, 1085. 
Victor III. elected 24th May, 1086 ; 16th September, 1087. 
Urban II. elected 12th March, 1088 ; f 29th July, 1099. 
Pascal II. elected 13th August, 1099 ; •{• 21st January, 1118. 
Gelasius II. elected 25th January, 1118 ; 25th January, 1119. 
Calixtus II. elected 1st February, 1119 ; 12th December, 1124. 
Honorius II. elected 21st December, 1124 ; -\- 24th February, 1130. 
Innocent II. elected 15th February, 1130; f 24th September, 1143. 
Celestin II. elected 26th September, 1143 ; f 9th March, 1144. 
Lucius II. elected 12th March, 1144; f 25th February, 1145. 
Eugene III. elected 27th February, 1145 ; f 8th July, 1153. 
Anastasius IV. elected 9th July, 1153 ; f 2d December, 1154. 
Adrian IV. elected 3d September, 1154 ; -j< 1st September, 1159. 
Alexander III. elected 7th September, 1159 ; 30th August, 1181. 
Lucius III. elected 1st September, 1181 ; 24th November, 1185. 
Urban III. elected 25th November, 1185; -j- 19th October, 1187. 
Gregory VIII. elected 20th October, 1187 ; -\- 17th December, 1187. 
Clement III. elected 19th December, 1187 ; f 27th March, 1191. 
Celestin III. elected 30th March, 1191 ; f 8th January, 1198. 
Innocent III. elected 8th January, 1198 ; -\- 17th July, 1216. 
Honorius III. elected 18th July, 1216 ; -j> 18th March, 1227. 
Gregory IX. elected 19th March, 1227 ; 21st August, 1241. 
Celestin IV. elected October, 1241; ■{■ November, 1241. 
Innocent IV. elected 25th June, 1243; •(• 7th December, 1254. 
Alexander IV. elected 12th December, 1254; f 25th May, 1261. 
Urban IV. elected 29th August, 1261 ; •{• 2d October, 1264. 
Clement IV. elected 5th February, 1265 ; -j- 29th November, 1268. 
Gregory X. elected 1st September, 1271 ; f 10th January, 1276. 
Innocent V. elected 21st February, 1276 ; 22d June, 1276. 
Adrian V. elected and 1276. 

John XXI. elected 13th September, 1276 ; •{■ 17th May, 1277. 
Nicholas III. elected 25th November, 1277 ; -f- 22d August, 1280. 
Martin IV. elected 22d February, 1281 ; -j- 28th March, 1285. 
Honorius IV. elected 2d April, 1285 ; f 3d April, 1287. 
Nicholas IV. elected 15th February, 1288 ; f 4th April, 1292. 
Celestin V. elected 5th July, 1294 ; abdicates 13th December, 1294. 



Boniface VIII. elected 24th December, 1294 ; -f llth October, 1303. 

Benedict XI. elected 22d October, 1303 ; f 7th July, 1304. 

Clement V. elected 5th June, 1305; took up his residence at Avignon, 

1309; f 20th April, 1314. 
John XXII. elected 7th August, 1316 ; -j* 4th December, 1334. 
Benedict XII. elected 20th December, 1334; ^ 25th April, 1342. 
Clement VI. elected 7th May, 1342 ; 6th December, 1352. 
Innocent VI. elected 18th December, 1352 ; 2d September, 1362. 
Urban V. elected September, 1362; f 19th December, 1370. 
Gregory XI. elected 30th December, 1370 ; f 27th March, 1378. 



Popes during the Great Western Schism. 



Popes of Rome. 

Urban VI. elected at 
Rome9th April, 1378; 
f 18th October, 1389. 

Boniface IX. elected 2d 
November, 1389; 
1st October, 1404. 

Innocent VII. elected 
17th October, 1404; 
^6thNovember,l406. 

Gregory XII. elected 
30thNovember,1406; 
deposed by the Coun- 
cil of Pisa, 5th June, 
1409 ; resigned the 
Papacy at the Council 
of Constance, 1415. 



Popes of Avignon. 

Clement VII. elected 
21st September, 1378; 
*}* 16th September, 
1394. 

Benedict XIII. elected 
28th September, 1394; 
deposed by the Coun- 
cils of Pisa and Con- 
stance in 1409 and 
1417; f 1424. 



Popes of Pisa. 



Alexander V. elected by 
the Council of Pisa, 
26th June, 1409 ; 
3d May, 1410. 



John XXIII. elected 
17th May, 1410 ; de- 
posed by the Council 
of Constance, 29th 
May, 1415. 



TABLE XXXVIII.] Chronological List of the Popes from the End of the great Western Schism to the present 

Time. 



Martin V. elected at the Council of Constance, llth November, 1417; 

+ 21st February, 1431. 
Eugene IV. elected 6th March, 1431 ; f 23d February, 1447. 
Nicholas V. elected 6th March, 1447 ; f 24th March, 1455. 
Calixtus III. elected 8th April, 1455; -f 8th August, 1458. 
Pius II. (.Eneas Sylvius) elected 27th August, 1458; -f 16th August, 

1464. 

Paul II. elected 31st August, 1464 ; f 28th July, 1471. 
Sixtus IV. elected 9th August, 1471 ; f 13th August, 1484. 
Innocent VIII. elected 29th August, 1484 ; f 25th July, 1492. 
Alexander VI. elected llth August, 1492 ; f 18th August, 1503. 
Pius III. elected 22d September, 1503; -j- 18th October, 1503. 
Julius II. elected 1st November, 1503; -f 2 1st February, 1513. 
Leo X. elected llth March, 1513; -J- 1st December, 1521. 
Adrian VI. elected 9th January, 1522; f 24th September, 1523. 
Clement VII. elected 19th November, 1523 ; 26th September, 1534. 
Paul III. elected 13th October, 1534; f 10th November, 1549. 
Julius III. elected 8th February, 1550 ; <{• 2.3d March, 1555. 
Marcellus II elected 9th April ; <\- 30th April, 1555. 
Paul IV. elected 23d May, 1555 ; •{• 18th August, 1559. 
Pius IV. elected 26th December, 1559 ; 9th December, 1565. 
Pius V. elected 7th January, 1566; <f 1st May, 1572. 
Gregory XIII. elected 13th May, 1572; 10th April, 1585. 
Sixtus V. elected 24th April, 1585; -f 27th August, 1590. 
Urban VII. elected 15th September, 1590; f 27th September, 1590. 



Gregory XIV. elected 5th December, 1590 ; •{• 15th October, 1591. 
Innocent IX. elected 29th October; f 30th December, 1591. 
Clement VIII. elected 30th January, 1592; -j- 5th March, 1605. 
Leo XI. elected 1st April; -f- 27th April, 1605. 
Paul V. elected 16th May, 1605 ; 28th January, 1621. 
Gregory XV. elected 9th February, 1621 ; f 8th July, 1623. 
Urban VIII, elected 6th August, 1623 ; 29th July, 1644. 
Innocent X. elected 15th September, 1644 ; -j- 7th January, 1655. 
Alexander VII. elected 7th April, 1655 ; f 22d May, 1667. 
Clement IX. elected 20th June, 1667; -f 9th December, 1669. 
Clement X. elected 29th April, 1670 ; f 22d July, 1676. 
Innocent XI. elected 21st September, 1676 ; + 12th August, 1689. 
Alexander VIII. elected 6th October, 1689 ; f 1st February, 1691. 
Innocent XII. elected 12th July, 1691 ; -j- 27th September, 1700. 
Clement XI. elected 23d November, 1700; -j- 9th March, 1721. 
Innocent XIII. elected 8th May, 1721 ; ^ 7th March, 1724. 
Benedict XIII. elected 29th May, 1724 ; f 21st February, 1730. 
Clement XII. elected 12th July, 1730 ; -j- 6th February, 1740. 
Benedict XIV. elected 1 7th August, 1740 ; f 5th May, 1758. 
Clement XIII. elected 6th July, 1758 ; -f- 3d February, 1769. 
Clement XIV. elected 19th May, 1769 ; .j. 22d September, 1774. 
Pius VI. elected 15th February, 1775; f 19th August, 1799. 
Pius VII. elected 3d March, 1800 ; f 20th August, 1823. 
Leo XII. elected 27th September, 1823 ; f 1 0th Februarj', 1829. 
Pius VIII. elected 2d April, 1829. 

plenty xvi Zfth: /8H 



E 



26 



GENEALOGICAL TABLES 



TABLE XV., No. 2.] Kings of the French of the House of Bourbon-Orleans. 



Philip /.j Duke of Orleans, youngest son of Louis XIII. (see Table XV., No. I.) founder of the branch of Bourbon-Orleans, \ 1701 ; 

1661, Henrietta- Maria, daughter of Charles I., King of England ; 2. Charlotte, Palatine. 



married. 1. 



Philip II, Regent, 1715; 
f 1723. 

A 



Maria-Louisa, married 
Charles II , King of 
Spain. 



Anna -Maria, married 
Victor Amadeus, King 
of Sardinia. 



Elizabeth, married 
Charles, Duke of 
Lorraine. 



Louis, -f- 1752; married 
Augusta of Baden. 



Mary, married 
Duke of Berry. 



Charlotte, married 
Prince of Modena. 



Louisa, Queen 
of Spain. 



Mademoiselle 
tie Beaujotais. 



Elizabeth, uiairied 
Prince of Conti. 



Louis-Philip, -j- 1785; married 
Louisa-Henrietta de Conti. 



Louis-Philip, called Egalite, 1793; 
married Louisa de Penthievre. 



49. Louis Philip, Duke of Orleans, born 6th 
October, 1773; married, 1809, Maria-Amelia, 
born 1782, daughter of Ferdinand IV., King 
of the Two Sicilies ; Lieutenant-General of 
the Kingdom, 31st July, 1830 ; Kino of 
the French, 9th August, 1S30. 
A 



Antony-Philip, Duke of 

Montpensier, -f- 1807. 



A/phonse, Count of 
Beaujolais, 1808. 



Adelaide Eugenia, Mademoiselle 
d'Orleans, born 1777. 



Ferdinaml- Philip - Louis, 
Duke of Chartres, born 
September, 1810; Duke 
of Orleans, August 1830. 



Louisa, Made- 
moiselle d 1 
Orleans, bom 
April, 1812. 



Maria-Christina, 
Mademoiselle 
de Valois, born 
April, 1813. 



Louis- Charles, 
Duke of Ne- 
mours, born 
Oct. 1814. 



Marin - Clementi- 
na, Mademoi- 
selle de Beaujo- 
lais, born July, 
1817. 



Franeis- Ferdi- 
nand, Prince 
of Joinville, 
born August, 
1818. 



Henry ■ Eugene, 
Duke of Au- 
male, born Ja- 
nuary, 1822. 



Antony, Duke 
of Montpen- 
sier, born 
July, 1824. 



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LL.D. F.R.S. Continued to the close of the Eighteenth Century, on a large 
Sheet, with a Catalogue of all the Names and Dates. Price 10s. 6d. 

XXIII. 

A CHART of GENERAL HISTORY. By the same 
Author. Price 10s. 6J. 

XXIV. 

ENGLISH SYNONYMES EXPLAINED in Alphabe- 
tical Order; with Copious Illustrations and Examples drawn from the best 
Writers. By George Crabb, A.M. In a large vol. 8vo. price 1/. Is. The 
Fifth Edition, corrected and enlarged. 

For the greater facility of reference, a very copious index is prefixed to this 
edition. 

XXV. 

A HISTORY of ENGLAND, from the FIRST INVA- 
SION of the ROMANS to the END of the REIGN of JAMES THE 
SECOND. By John Lingard, D.D. In Eight vols. 4to. price 1/. 15s. each 
vol., or in Fourteen vols. 8vo. price 8/. 8s. 

XXVI. 

The HISTORY of BRITISH INDIA. By James Mill, 

Esq. In Six vols. 8vo., the Third Edition, price 3/. 12s. boards. 

"The labour which has been employed in collecting and examining materials, the 
skilful distribution of the facts into proper compartments, the high tone of moral feel- 
ing, and the enlarged philosophy which every where pervade the narrative, entitle the 
"History of British India," to be regarded as a valur.ble addition to our national lite- 
rature. The extensive circulation of Mr. Mill's History will be a benefit both to Eng- 
land and to India."— British Review. 



XXVII. 

A SHORT HISTORY of FRANCE; including the 

principal Events from the Foundation of the Empire by Phaiamond to the 
Reign of Charles the Tenth; for Young Persons. By Mrs. Moore. In a 
handsome 12mo. vol., ornamented with Six Engravings, the Third Edition, 
neatly half-bound, price 7s. 6d. 

*«* In offering a Third Edition of this little Work to the Public, some pains have 
been taken to augment it, without deviating from the original plan ; and more dates 
are added with a view of making it useful as a book of reference. The Histovy has also 
been brought down to the present reign. The list of the THREE GREAT LINES of 
FRENCH SOVEREIGNS, and Hie Tables of the Family of each King, with their alli- 
ances standing at the head of each reign, have been corrected and made still more 
complete and useful for the better understanding of trench History. 

XXVIII. 

SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES ; intended for the Instruc- 

tion and Entertainment of Young People ; in which the First Principles of 
Natural and Experimental Philosophy are fully explained ; comprising Mecha- 
nics, Astronomy, Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, Optics, Magnetism, Electricity, 
and Galvanism. By the Rev. J. Joyce. In Six vols. 18mo. price 15s. half- 
bound. A New Edition. 

*♦* In this Edition Wood Cuts are substituted for Plates, as facilitating the reference 
from the text to the figures, 

XXIX. 

A COMPANION to the SCIENTIFIC DIALOGUES 

(forming a seventh volume to that work) ; or, the Tutor's Assistant and Pupil's 
Manual: to which is added a Compendium of the principal facts, in each 
Department of Science. Price 2s. tj<l. half-bound, 

XXX. 

The UNIVERSAL LATIN LEXICON of FACCIO- 

LATI and FORCELEINl. — A New Edition, in which the Paduan Appendix 
has been incorporated, and the Italian Significations rendered into English. 
An Appendix of TWENTY THOUSAND WORDS has been added by the 
Editor; together with the work of Tursellinus on the Latin Particles; Ger- 
rard's Siglarium Romanum ; and Gesuer's Etymological Index. By James 
Bailev, M.A. In Two very large vols, royal 4lo. price 6/. 16s.6rf. in canvas 
boards. 

Previously to the publication of this Work, no Universal Lexicon of the Latin 
Language was open to the English Student. The deficiency is now supplied ; and 
most of our Grammar Schools already possess at least one copy for the occasional 
reference of the pupils. The importance of a work of this nature, as relates to the 
composition of Latin pro£c or verse, is loo obvious to require demonstration, 

XXXI. 

MAPS. 

Under the SUPERINTENDENCE of the SOCIETY 

for the DIFFUSION of USEFUL KNOWLEDGE. 

There are already so many collections of Maps published in this country 
under the denomination of Aliases, and of such various sizes and merits, that 
it may at first appear unnecessary to provide for the Public any additional 
work of this description. But in pursuing the objects for which they were 
originally associated, the SOCIETY for the DIFFUSION of USEFUL 
KNOWLEDGE find that Geographical Students and Readers of History 
want an intermediate size between the large and expensive Maps fit only for 
the Library, and that smaller sort usually adopted in Schools. Tne in- 
equality in the compilation of most of these collections is another considera- 
tion of importance; but, above all, the high price which Maps, when tolerably 
executed, have hitherto borne, seems to require more than common exertion 
on the part of the Society to remove so serious an obstruction to the progress 
of popular Education. 

With these views, as well as for the purpose of illustrating the Historical 
and Geographical Treatises which form part of the Library of Useful Know- 
ledge, it has been determined to publish a Series of Modern and Ancient 
Maps, on similar scales, moderate in size, yet capable of distinctly showing 
every place of interest; of unexampled cheapness, yet finished in the best 
manner; and the accuracy of which may safely be relied upon, from the 
arrangements made for their composition and execution. They are engraved 
on Steel: the size is about 11 inches by 14: and two of them are delivered 
in a Wrapper for One Shilling, or with the Outlines coloured for One Shil- 
ling and Sixpence. 

The Series will consist of Sixty or Seventy Plates; and a Number appears 
at intervals of Two Months, or more frequently. Ten Numbers are already 
published, which contain Two Maps of GREECE, both Ancient and Modern; 
Two of TURKEY, both Ancient and Modern ; Two of ITALY, both Ancient 
and Modern; Three of ENGLAND; Two of FRANCE; the Kingdom of 
the NETHERLANDS. Plan of the City of ROME, Ancient; and the same 
Modern. 



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